Oral Pathology Intensive Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering tooth abnormalities, genetic disorders, infectious diseases, and systemic manifestations in oral pathology.

Microdontia

Teeth that are smaller than the normal dentition.

Macrodontia

Teeth that are larger than the normal dentition.

Gemination

The fusion of 2 teeth from a single enamel organ, resulting in 2 crowns that share the same root canal.

Fusion

The joining of two developing tooth germs, resulting in a single large tooth structure; the total number of teeth is reduced by one.

Concrescence

A form of fusion where already formed teeth are joined by cementum.

Dilaceration

An extraordinary or unusual angulation or curvature of tooth roots.

Dens Invaginatus

Also known as "Dens in Dente" or tooth within the tooth; often characterized by an exaggeration of the lingual pit.

Dens Evaginatus

An anomalous tubercle or cusp located in the center of the occlusal surface, predominantly affecting premolar teeth; also known as Leong's Premolar.

Talon’s cusp

An extra cusp usually located on the lingual surface of anterior teeth.

Taurodontism

Also known as "Bull's Teeth"; characterized by elongated crowns or apically displaced furcations resulting in pulp chambers with increased apical-occlusal height.

Enamel Pearls

Also called Enameloma or Enamel Drop; droplets of ectopic enamel that occur most commonly in the furcations of maxillary molars.

Anodontia

The congenital absence of teeth; may be complete or partial (Hypodontia).

Mesiodens

The most common supernumerary tooth, typically located at the maxillary midline.

Distodens

A supernumerary tooth also known as a 4th molar or distomolar, occurring distal to the third molar.

Attrition

The physiologic wearing of teeth as a result of mastication or parafunctional habits.

Abrasion

The pathologic wearing of teeth as a result of an abnormal habit (such as brushing or betel nut chewing) or use of abrasive substances.

Abfraction

The loss of tooth structure due to flexural forces, typically resulting in sharp, wedge-shaped lesions.

Erosion

The loss of tooth structure from a non-bacterial chemical process, such as acid.

Hypercementosis

The excessive production of cementum, commonly associated with Paget's Disease.

Enamel Hypoplasia

A quantitatively defective enamel formation resulting from insufficient enamel matrix; causes include nutrition, infection (Turner's teeth), or chemicals (Mottled Enamel).

Enamel Hypocalcification

A qualitatively defective enamel where normal amounts are produced but remain hypocalcified and soft.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

A heterogeneous group of disorders of enamel formation affecting both dentitions; types include Hypoplastic, Hypocalcified, and Hypomature.

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

An autosomal dominant hereditary condition of dentin where teeth appear translucent and opalescent; crowns may appear bell-shaped with roots that are short and blunted.

Shell Teeth

A clinical variation of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Type III (Brandywine type) characterized by multiple pulp exposures and very thin dentin.

Dentin Dysplasia Type I

Also known as Radicular Dentin Dysplasia; teeth have normal color but roots appear extremely short and pulps are almost completely obliterated.

Dentin Dysplasia Type II

Also known as Coronal Dentin Dysplasia; primary teeth are opalescent while permanent teeth are normal in color with thistle tube-shaped coronal pulps.

Internal Resorption

A part of the inflammatory response to pulpal injury, sometimes referred to as "pink tooth of Mumm."

Ankyloglossia

Commonly known as "tongue-tie"; a result of a short lingual frenum attached too near the tip of the tongue.

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

Also known as Central Papillary Atrophy of the Tongue; a chronic candida infection or congenital abnormality featuring a loss of filiform papillae on the midline.

Geographic Tongue

Also known as Benign Migratory Glossitis or Erythema Migrans; consists of multiple areas of desquamation of the filiform papillae in a circinate pattern.

Hairy Tongue

The hypertrophy or overgrowth of filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue; color varies from yellowish-white to black.

Commissural pit

An anomaly resulting from the incomplete fusion of the maxillary and mandibular processes.

Fordyce’s Granules

Ectopic sebaceous glands appearing as small yellow spots or papules, commonly found in the buccal mucosa of adults.

Cherubism

A benign, self-limiting hereditary condition causing symmetric jaw swelling; radiographs show "soap bubble" radiolucencies and histopath shows perivascular collagen cuffing.

Osteopetrosis

Also known as Albers-Schonberg Disease or Marble Bone Disease; a rare hereditary condition with impaired osteoclast activity leading to increased bone mass and easy fracturing.

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A genetic defect affecting Type 1 collagen production, leading to weak bones, blue sclera, and Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Type I.

Cleidocranial dysplasia

Also known as Marie and Sainton's Disease; characterized by abnormalities of the cranium and clavicles, and the presence of numerous supernumerary teeth.

Down syndrome

Also known as Trisomy 21; oral manifestations include macroglossia, fissured tongue, mandibular prognathism, and relative caries immunity.

Fibrous dysplasia

Replacement of normal medullary bone with abnormal fibrous connective tissue; radiographic appearance is described as "ground-glass" or "orange peel."

Crouzon syndrome

Also known as Craniofacial Dysostosis; characteristics include exophthalmos, parrot-beak nose, frog-like face, and "hammered-silver" skull appearance.

Treacher Collins Syndrome

Also known as Mandibulofacial Dysostosis; affects structures from the 1st and 2nd branchial arches, resulting in hypoplasia of the mandible and zygomatic process.

Mucocele

A common salivary gland lesion caused by mechanical trauma; includes Mucus Extravasation Phenomenon (pseudocyst) and Mucus Retention Cyst (true cyst).

Ranula

A large, translucent, bluish bulge in the floor of the mouth associated with submandibular or sublingual gland duct obstruction; also called "Frog's Belly."

Necrotizing Sialometaplasia

A benign lesion of minor salivary glands caused by ischemia that mimics malignancy; typically presents as a deep painful ulcer on the palate.

Pleomorphic Adenoma

Also known as Benign Mixed Tumor; the most common benign salivary gland tumor, occurring most frequently in the parotid gland.

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

The most common salivary gland malignancy in children and the general population.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

A high-grade malignancy in salivary glands characterized by a "swiss cheese" or cribriform histomorphologic pattern.

Stomatitis Nicotina

A tobacco-related form of keratosis on the hard palate appearing as generalized hyperkeratosis with white keratotic rings.

Palatal Papillary Hyperplasia

Also known as Palatal Papillomatosis; features a "cobble-stone" appearance of the palate, often due to an ill-fitting denture.

Acute osteomyelitis

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus; radiographic appearance is often described as "moth-eaten."

Garre’s osteomyelitis

A form of chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis; features a hard expansion of the jaw and an "onion-skin" radiographic appearance.

Alveolar osteitis

Also known as Dry Socket or Alveolalgia, occurring when the blood clot in an extraction site is disturbed.

Primary Herpes Gingivostomatitis

The systemic initial infection of $HSV-1$, often affecting children under age 6, presenting with fever and widespread oral vesicles.

Koplik's spots

Whitish areas on the buccal mucosa that precede the skin rash in Rubeola (Measles).

Syphilis

A bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum; stages include Chancre (primary), Mucous Patch (secondary), and Gumma (tertiary).

Actinomycosis

A bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces israelii featuring multiple abscesses that discharge yellow "sulfur granules."

Pseudomembranous Candidiasis

Also known as Thrush; characterizes white, soft plaques that can be rubbed off leaving raw bleeding mucosa.

Angular cheilitis

Fissured and irritated lesions at the commissures of the lips, often colonized by yeast (Candida) or Staphylococcus aureus.

Pellagra

A condition resulting from Niacin ($Vit. B_{3}$) deficiency, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death.

Leukemia

A cancerous condition of leukocytes causing hypertrophied gingiva, spontaneous bleeding, and replacement of red bone marrow.

Cyclic neutropenia

A hematologic disorder characterized by recurrent decreases in circulating neutrophils every 21 days.

Wickham's Striae

The bilateral white lines or striae associated with the reticular form of Lichen planus.

Auspitz Sign

The appearance of bleeding points when silvery scales are removed from a Psoriasis lesion.

Erythema multiforme

An acute hypersensitivity reaction featuring "bull’s eye" or target lesions; the major form is Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Behcet’s syndrome

A disorder characterized by the triad of oral, genital, and ocular ulcerations.

Reiter’s syndrome

Also known as Reactive arthritis; involves the triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis, and oligoarthritis.

Sjogren’s syndrome

A chronic systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes), Xerostomia (dry mouth), and rheumatoid arthritis.

Cretinism

Severe hypothyroidism in children, leading to delayed dental development and macroglossia.

Grave's disease

A form of hyperthyroidism characterized by diffuse toxic goiter and exophthalmos.

Cushing’s syndrome

A condition caused by excess corticosteroid hormones, featuring upper body obesity and a "Buffalo Hump."

Paget’s disease

Also known as osteitis deformans; features enlarged bones, increased alkaline phosphatase, and a "cotton-wool" radiographic appearance.