Final Materials

Metals Extraction

Collecting metals from ores by crushing them and heating them to extreme temperatures.

Ferrous

Contains iron, Magnetic, High Tensile Strength, Durability, Vulnerable to rust due to high carbon content

Non-Ferrous

Doesn’t contain iron, non-magnetic, Malleable, has High resistance to rust and corrosion to zero iron content

Wrought Iron Principles

rusts superficially, has low carbon content, and is easily weldable at high temperatures.

Aluminum Characteristics

ductile, a non-ferrous metal, and corrosion-resistant.

Copper Characteristics

hygienic, ductile, and an excellent conductor of electricity.

Galvanic Activity

Corrosion in metals due to electrolytes and moisture, or electrical current flow between metals, requiring protection to prevent material degradation.

Galvanic Activity Order

Aluminum, Zinc, Iron and Steel, Stainless Steel, Tin, Lead, Brass, Copper, Bronze, Gold.

Flange

The top and bottom plates of a steel beam that resist bending

Web

the vertical section of a steel beam that resists shear force

Wood

the natural state of tree stems

Lumber

wood sawn for construction

Timber

large lumber over 5 inches in every dimension.

Wood Characteristics

is renewable, sustainable, and easy to work with.

Pressure Treated

wood chemically treated for durability

Fire Retardant wood

wood insulated against fire

natural defects

knots, pitch pockets, and shakes.

manufacturing defects

checks, splits, wanes, and warps

Softwoods

NEEDLE-LEAVED, CONIFEROUS wood used for construction.

Softwood examples

EVERGREENS, PINE, FIR

Hardwoods

DECIDUOUS wood used for furniture and finishing.

Hardwood examples

MAPLE, OAK, WALNUT

Plain Sawn

cost-effective and tangent to growth rings

Quarter sawn

stable, radial to growth rings, but more wasteful

Actual Lumber

real dimensions of lumber

Glulam Beams

Engineered wood stronger than steel.

Wood Joints

Dado, lap, rabbet, dovetail, and doweled butt

Nominal Lumber

estimated size of lumber