Intro to Psych (Pitt) Exam 3

Secure Attachment

Healthy and consistent emotional tie with another person

Instinct

Complex, unlearned behavior; patterned through a species

Set Point

Your body drops into "starvation mode" when you go below this point

Basal Metabolic Rate

Body's resting rate of natural energy usage

Cannon-Bard Theory

Theory that stimulus triggers physiological responses and emotions at the same time

James-Lange Theory

emotions result from our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion

Schachter-Singer Theory

To experience emotion one must be physically aroused, and cognitively label the arousal

Lazarus Theory

Cognitive appraisal, sometimes without our awareness defines emotions

Framing

How an issue is posed; can change decisions and judgement

Ostracism

Social exclusion

Narcissism

Extreme obsession with oneself

Narcissism and Social Networking

Often very active on social networks.

Hypothalamus

Keeps your body at homeostasis.

Hippocampus

"Save button"; neutral center in the limbic system.

Type A Personality

Competitive, hard-working, impatient, stressed, and anger-prone.

Facial Feedback Effect

Facial muscles triggering to corresponding feelings

3 Parts of Memory

1. Encoding

2. Storage

3. Retrieval

Chunking

Natural organization of something with familiar things.

Memory Pegs

Mnemonic device to memorize lists

Hiearchies

System where people/things are ranked according to status

Distributed Practice

Working with information over time

3 Major Areas of Developmental Psychology

1. Physical development

2. Cognitive development

3. Psychosocial development.

Recall

Retrieval of previously learned information; fill in the blank

Recognition

Identification of previously learned information; multiple choice

Implicit Memory

Automatic remembrance

Explicit Memory

Memory you have to work for

Piaget's 4 Stages of Child Development

1. Sensorimotor (0-2)

2. Preoperational (2-7)

3. Concrete Operational (7-11)

4. Formal Operational (12-death)

Accommodation in Child Development

Learning what family is based on personal experience

Assimilation in Child Development

How a child might learn about different types of animals

4 Types of Parenting Styles

1. Authoritarian

2. Permissive

3. Negligent

4. Authoritative

Maslow's Pyramid of Needs

Hierarchy of needs theory

1. Physiological Needs

2. Safety Needs

3. Love and Belonging

4. Esteem

5. Self-Actualization

Working Memory

Transferring short-term memory into long-term

Sensory Memory

Immediate, quick memory of the senses

Context Dependent Cue

Environmental changes may lead you to recall a time that the environment was the same

Mood Dependent Cue

When you're in a mood, your brain pushes similar memories

Inference

Disruption when trying to recall new or old information.

Maturation

Biological growth changes allowing orderly changes.

Kohlberg's Morality Development Stages

1. Preconventional

2. Conventional

3. Postconventional

Imprinting

Forming strong attachments in the critical period.

Cross Sectional Studies

Data collection from different groups at the same point in time.

Longitude Studies

Data collection from the same group over a longer span of time.

Optimum Arousal Theory

Claims some behavior increases arousal

Erikson Stages of Development

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0-18 months)

2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 months-3)

3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5)

4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11)

5. Identity vs. Confusion (12-18)

6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (18-40)

7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65)

8. Integrity vs. Despair (65-death)

Retrograde Amnesia

Can't remember old memories

Anterograde Amnesia

Can't form new memories

Prototypes

Mental image of something

Authoritarian Parenting

Strict, care

Permissive Parenting

Not strict, care

Negligent Parenting

Not strict, don't care

Authoritative Parenting

Happy medium of strictness, care

Concept

Mental grouping of similar things to remember what they are and mean and where they belong

Motivated Forgetting

Repression; defense mechanism to push away bad feelings/memories.

Type B Personality

Easy-going and relaxed.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Erikson; 0-2; Trust/Mistrust that basic needs will be met

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

Erikson; 2-3; Develop independence in tasks

Initiative vs. Guilt

Erikson; 3-6; Taking initiative in some tasks, guilt when unsuccessful or overstepping

Industry vs. Inferiority

Erikson; 6-13; Developing self-confidence in abilities, feeling inferior when unable

Identity vs. Confusion

Erikson; 13-19; Experiment with and develop identity and roles

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Erikson; 19-40; Establish intimacy and relationships with others

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Erikson; 40-65; Contribute to society and be part of a family

Integrity vs. Despair

Erikson; 65-death; Make sense of life and contributions

Maslow's Physiological Needs

Food, water, etc.

Maslow's Safety Needs

Health, employment, security

Maslow's Love and Belonging

Friendship, family, and intimacy

Maslow's Esteem

Respect, strength, and freedom

Maslow's Self-Actualization

Desire to become the most that one can be

Sensorimotor

0-2; Piaget; Object permanence

Preoperational

2-7; Piaget; Egocentric and struggle with Conservationism

Concrete Operational

7-11; Piaget; Children begin to think logically but struggle with abstract things

Formal Operational

11+; Piaget; Logical reasoning and abstract thinking

Preconventional

Kohlberg; In search of rewards and self-centered; Younger children

Conventional

Kohlberg; Cares about effect of actions on others; Older children and most adults

Post Conventional

Kohlberg; Universal or ethical principles, abstract thinking; some adults