exercise physiology exam 2

what does the body use ATP (energy) for?

muscle contraction, fuel transporting substances across cell membranes, build muscle and repair tissue

what are the energy substrates

carbs, fats, and proteins

true or false. carbs are the body’s preferred energy source because it can be used in glycolysis and aerobic system

true

what are energy systems determine by

intensity

what are the three energy systems

ATP-PC, glycolysis, and oxidative

true or false. all of the energy systems blend together

true

what energy system alone can sustain 3-5 or 12-15 seconds and yields .9 ATP/mol

ATP-PC

what energy system alone can sustain 2-3 minutes and yields 2-3 ATP/mol

glycolysis

what energy system alone can sustain 3+ minutes and yield 36 ATP/mol

oxidative

when is ATP-PC used

in high intensity and explosive (fast and quick)

when is glycolysis used

high intensity and to break down sugar

when does glycolysis use 2 ATP/mol 

during glucose break down

when does glycolysis use 3 ATP/mol 

during glycogen break down

what is the by product of glucose and glycogen

lactic acid

how do you increase the efficiency of energy systems

physical work/exercise, chronic aerobic/anaerobic exercise training plus additional carbohydrate consumption and adequate rest, and increasing body’s VO2max and %VO2 max

what is the glycogen sparing concept

increase FFA’s utilization to allow the body to save/spare glycogen use

what is the glycogen overshoot principle (supercompensation)

increase glycogen storage levels in muscle and liver by depleting use in aerobic exercise, replete during ingestion in carbs, and rest on the muscle

what happens when the body increases its VO2 max and %VO2 max 

raise the anaerobic (lactic) threshold

what will anaerobic training increase

the power of the glycolysis system to produce energy faster and increase lactic acid buffering systems

what are the lactic acid buffering systems

exhalation of CO2, cori cycle in liver, and lactate shuffle in muscle

what is lactate shuffle in muscle

the moving of lactic acid to slow twitch to reuse

true or false. fitness does not play a role in how metabolic pathways work

false

true or false. increase in LT or AT will increase VO2 max and %VO2 max that can be sustained

true

true or false. you do not want to extend LT and OBLA

false

what does OBLA mean

onset of blood lactic acid

true or false. when training for intensity you want to increase carbs and decrease fats

true

true or false. low carb diets work during any intensity

false. they only work during low-moderate intensity

what is the maximum amount protein can contribute to energy

20%

what does the body burn away during survival mode

protein

at rest how much do fats, carbs, and proteins burn

50-60% fats, 40-50% carbs, 1% proteins

what are the key enzymes

creatine kinese (CK), hexokinese (HK), phosphofructokinese (PFK), citrate synthase (CS), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)

where does the oxidative system occur

mitochondria

what is a con of the glycolytic system

the lactic acid comes with hydrogen atoms and disrupts calcium

true or false. aerobic does not require oxygen to be used

true

where are more FFA’s used

fats

true or false. protein is heavily made up of nitrogen

true

what is the oxidative capacity of a muscle (QO2)

amount of muscle, increase muscle membrane permeability, and increase blood flow in the muscle

true or false. ATP-PC system is long term energy

false, ATP-PC is short term energy

true or false. glycolysis is medium term energy

true

true or false. oxidative is short term energy

false, oxidative is long term energy