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positivism
a philiosophy developed in the mid-nineteeth century by french sociologist auguste comte that outlined the history of human development in three stages, culminating in a period in which superstition and metaphysics were replaced by science & tech; its emphasis on reason, order, and progress was adopted by latin america as a guide to the development and prosperity of their countries
comparative advantage
The ability of a party to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another, leading to more efficient resource allocation in trade.
Porfirio Diaz
A Mexican general and president who ruled from 1876 to 1911, known for modernization efforts and the establishment of a long authoritarian regime.
cientifico
literally a “learned person,“ a term that refers to a circle of technocratic advisors to Mexican president Porfirio Diaz, who adhered to the philosophy of positivism as a means of promoting the modernization of the country at the start of the 20th centerrycentury
platt amendment
A provision allowing the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs and restricting Cuba's sovereignty.
cafe com leite (coffee with milk)
Brazil political system
hacienda
a large farm or estate
campesino
a peasant or a rual laborer working the land
plaza de mayo
A historic square in Buenos Aires, Argentina, significant for political and social movements.
pampas
the fertile south american lowlands encompassing parts of argentina, uruguay, and southern brazil
europhilia
An affection or admiration for European culture and society.
enclave
a territorial unit occupied and controlled by foreigners within another country
oligarchy
Rule by a small group of individuals.
co-optative democracy
A democratic system where those in power co-opt additional members into their ranks.
Rubin Dario
writer, modernist
