State board review

Trichology

Study of hair

Hair root and hair shaft

A mature strand of human hair is divided into two principal parts known as the

hair follicle

a small tubular cavity containing the root of a hair

hair bulb

Lowest part of the hair strand

dermal papilla

A small, cone-shaped area at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb

sebaceous glands

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

arrector pili

smooth muscle attached to follicle, responsible for "goose bumps"

Nine

Of the 20 amino acids that make up hair, a person must obtain this many of the essential amino acids from daily diet

The cuticle, the cortex, and the medulla

The three main layers of the hair shaft are

Melanin

A pigment that gives the skin and hair its color

Protein

As newly formed cells, mature, they fill up with this fibrous white, then, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die.

51

The percent of the element carbon in normal hair

21

The percent of oxygen in normal hair

Sulfur

In the make up of normal human hair, what COHNS element is present in the lowest percentage

peptide bond

The chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other is called

salt bond

In the cortex, a side bond that is easily broken by strong, alkaline, or acidic solution

Melanin

The cortex contains coloring matter in the form of mini grains of this or pigment

red/ginger

Pheomelanin provides natural hair colors from___to yellow and blonde tones

Wave patterns

The shape of a hair strand, described as straight, wavy, curly or extremely curly, is known as

vellus hair

Short, fine, Downey unpigmented hair is known as

Eyelids

What place on the body would normally include vellus hair

Terminal hair

Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females.

Antigen, catagen, and telegen

All hair follicles have the same structure and cycle through the same three phases, which are

Beau's lines

Depressions running across the width of the nail plate or known as

onychocryptosis(ingrown toe nail)

Can't be preformed on in the salom

Onychophagy

Also known as bitten nails; result of a habit of chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate., sage to work one in the salon.

Onychorrhexis

Split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate.

pterygium

Stretching of the skin by the nail plate.

Bacterial inflammation

Paronychia, which affects the tissues surrounding the nail, is

Bacteria

Nail disorders, formally, called molds, characterized by discoloration between the nail plate in the artificial nails, or actually caused by

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A bacterium that can cause nail infections when artificial products such as tips and wraps are applied under unclean conditions

Pyogenic granuloma

A lump of red tissue growing up from the nail bed to the nail plate

onychocryptosis

ingrown nail

Onyx

Technical term for nails

15%-25%

What percentage of the nail is made up of water?

Cuticle, nail folds, hyponychium, hyponychium, and free edge

The nail unit consists of basic parts, which are the nail bed, matrix, nail plate, and

nail plate

Hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the natural nail bed. It is the most visible and functional part of the natural nail unit.

Bed epithelium

Thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed

Eponychium

Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area

seborrheic dermatitis

Skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands. It is often characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness.

eczema

noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching

chloasma

a condition characterized by increased pigmentation of the skin, and spots that are not Elevated, and often occurring on the face

Lentigines

Technical term for freckles

leukoderma

Light abnormal patches caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment producing cells

Nevus

birthmark

papillary layer

The underlining or inner layer of the skin that is also called the corium, cutis, or true skin

subcutaneous

The fatty layer found beneath the dermis

sensory nerves

The nerves that carry sensations of touch, taste, heat, cold, pain, and other modalities from the body to the central nervous system.

sudoriferous and sebaceous glands

Skin contains two types of Dr. glands that extract materials from the blood to form new substances are called

tube-like

Sweat glands consist of a coiled base and a ____ duct that terminates at the skin surface to form the sweat pore.

Excretion, secretion, and absorption

The principle functions of the skin are protection, sensation, heat regulation,:

Physiology

The study of body function

Protoplasm

A colorless, jelly-like substance found inside cells in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.

Cytoplasm

The watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell

Mitosis

Process by which cells reproduce by divided into two identical cells called daughter cells is known as

Tissues

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

connective tissue

Tissue that binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body are called

adipose tissue

What type of tissue protects and insulates the body?

epithelial tissue

What is the protective covering on the body surfaces, such as the skin, mucous membranes, or linings of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands?

Organs

Structures of the body that perform specific functions

Systems

Groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions are known as

Organism

Body systems are arranged to form a

eight

The cranium is made up of how many bones?

ethmoid bone

The light spongy bone between the eyesockets

Maxillae

Bones of the upper jaw

Humerus

bone of the upper arm

Origin, insertion, and belly

The three parts of a muscle are the

epicranial aponeurosis

Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles

Platysma

Abroad muscle, that extends from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin, and is responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip

Sternocleidomastoideus

the muscle that rotates and lowers the head.

40 to 50%

Muscles represent about this percent of the body's total weight

Corrugator

The muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically

Procerus

Covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose.

Buccinator

The thing, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips

Risorius

Draws corner of mouth laterally

Supinators

The muscles that turn the radius out word in the palm upward

Abductors

Muscles that separate the fingers

extensor digitorum longus

The muscle that runs the foot up and extends the toes

radial

The sensory motor nerve, that, with its branches, supplies, the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand

sural nerve

The nerve that supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg

Cardiovascular

Another name for the circulatory system

Arteries

Thick walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Capillaries

Tiny, thin walled blood vessels that bring nutrients to the cells in carry away waste materials

Veins

Tiny, thin walled blood vessels that contain couple like valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart and prevent blood from flowing backward are called

80%

Percentage of water in the blood

internal carotid artery

Which artery supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, & internal ear

Pituitary

What gland affects almost every physiologic process of the body

Thyroid

What gland controls how quickly energy is burned

Estrogen

The primary hormone produced by the female reproductive system

Monomer liquid and polymer powder

Light cured gel enhancements rely on ingredients from the ___ family.

Monomers

Light cured gels contain this which are liquids

UV gels

Urethane acrylate and urethane methacrylates are used in making

low pH

These relaxers are intended for use on color, treated, damage, or fine hair

Lye relaxer's

Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called this

Base and no base

Hydroxide relaxers are usually sold in these formulas

Sodium Hydroxide

This is a general type of hair relaxer, that does not require pre-shampooing

semi-permanent

Keratin strengthening treatments work by fixing the creatinine place of a "blank" Manor; they do not break bonds

Soft girl, permanent

What is a Theo best chemical service that reformats curly and wavy hair into looser and larger curls and waves?

Peptide

Chemical bonds I join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains. Are these kind of bonds

amino acids

I keratin proteins are made of long chains of _, linked together, end to end like beards