ap computer science unit 2 vocab

Computing Device

a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

Computing System

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

Computing Network

a group of connected computers that can send or receive data. In our scenario, the string

Path

the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver; how a message gets from its starting point to its end point

Bandwidth

The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time

Router

A device that transfers data from one network to another in an intelligent way (in our scenario, the person we gave our letters to)

Redundancy

the inclusion of extra components that can be used to mitigate failure of a system if other components fail

Fault Tolerat

When a system can support failures and still continue to function

Protocol

A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

IP Address

A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet.

Packets

Information on the Internet is not sent all at once, but is instead broken into smaller chunks of data called _______

Transmission Control Protocol

a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a network conversation by which applications can exchange data. This protocol is slower, but it is more accurate.

User Datagram Protocol

a network conversation that simply sends all the packets. This protocol is faster, but it is less accurate.

Scalability

the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

The Domain Name System (DNS)

the system responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

a protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet

GET Request

An HTTP method in which the client requests data such as a webpage. The client might provide some data as part of the request in the query string of the URL.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

A company that connects computers to the internet for a fee (For example: Spectrum or AT&T)

IPV6

The Internet Protocol version 6 provides a large number of new addresses to route Internet traffic, using "from" and "to" addresses written as colon-hexadecimal notation, such as "fe80::42:acff:feaa:1bf0".

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

a protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet

POST request

An HTTP method that accepts data from the client, such as posting a comment on a website. This method is used any time the state of the server will be changed.

Digital Certificates

data files used to establish and certify the identity of users and electronic assets for protection of online transactions

Wifi

A wireless method of sending information using radio waves

Packet Metadata

Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message.

Web Pages

documents or files, written in HTML, that are stored on a web server and can be viewed over the internet using a web browser

Browsers

software programs that allow you to view webpages, such as Internet Explorer, Safari, Firefox, or Google Chrome