Female Reproduction

Ovum

The female gamete

Sperm

The male gamete

Gamete

A special reproductive cell that contains half of the normal DNA

Fertilization

The fusing of the sperm and ovum

Gonads

The organs that produce the gametes

Testes

The male gonads

Ovary

The female gonad

Fallopian Tubes

A pair of tubes that connect the ovary with the uterus

Uterus

The female organ that houses the fetus during gestation

Zygote

The fused sperm and ovum

Embyro

The stage of gestation after the zygote, lasting from Weeks 2-8

Fetus

The last stage of gestation lasting from Week 8 to birth

Gestation

The process of a zygote developing into a fully-grown fetus

(Also pregnancy)

Menarche

The first menstrual cycle

Menopause

A state when all ovum have been released and menstrual cycle siezes

Placenta

A blood rich organ that develops around the fetus to nourish it

Menstruation

The cyclical shedding of the endometrium at the end of a menstrual cycle when no fertilization occurs

Estrogen

A female reproductive hormone

Progesterone

Female reproductive hormone

Gynecology

The study of female reproductive system

Obestetrics

The specialty concerned with pregnancy and delivery

Neonatology

The study and care of the newborn

Cul-de-sac

A region of the abdominal cavity located between the uterus and the rectum

Vagina

The tubular structure that extend from the outside of the body to the uterus

Bartholin Glands

A pair of glands on either side of the vaginal orifice

Produce mucous secretion to lubricate

Clitoris

A senitive organ of erectile tissue on the anterior vaginal orifice

Perineum

The region between the anus and vagina

Vuvla

The external female reproductive organs

Includes the labia majora, labia minora, hymen, and clitoris

Labia Majora

The outer lips of the vagina

Labia Minora

The inner lips of the vagina

Hymen

A thin membrane the covers part of the entrance of the vagina which breaks during first intercourse

Utero-Ovarian Ligament

The ligament that holds the ovary to the side of the uterus

Ovarian Follicles

Tiny sacs within the ovary that contain ovum

Ovulation

The release of an ovum from the ovary

Corpus Lutuem

The ruptured follicle after ovulation that secretes estrogen and progesterone during very early pregnancy

Adnexa (Female Reproductive)

Collective term for the fallopian tubes, ovary, and ligaments

Fimbriae

The finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes that catch the egg after release

Cilia

Small hairs that are used to sweep material

Fundus (Female Reproductve)

The rounded upper region of the uterus

Corpus

The body of the uterus

Endometrium

The mucosa of the uterus

Myometrium

The middle muscular layer of the uterus

Perimetrium

The outer membrane of the uterus

Cervix

The neck like opening of the uterus

Mammary Gland

Glands in the breast that produce milk

Lactiferous Ducts

Ducts in the breast that drain the mammary gland to the nipple

Mammary Papilla

The nipple

Areola

The pigmented area around the nipple

Parturitaion

The act of giving birth

LActation

The secretion of milk from the breast

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

A group of S/S associated with low female reproductive hormones before menstruation

Includes breast tenderness, depression, and irritability

Chorion

The outermost membrane of the placenta

Amnion

The innermost embryonic membraneA

Amniotic fluid

The fluid that surronds the fetus during gestation

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

A hormone produced by the placenta during gestation to maintain pregnancy

Pregnancy test kit

A urine test for hCG to determine if a woman is pregnant

Cephalic Presentation

A baby is born head first

Afterbitrth

The expelling of the placenta after the baby is born

Vernix Caseosa

A mixture of fatty secretion from the fetal sebaceous gland and dead skin on the neonate

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A hormone from the pituitary gland that stimulates the ovary and testes

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A hormone from the pituitary gland that stimulates the ovary and testes

LH surge

A spike in LH that causes ovulation

Home ovulation kits

A urine test that checks LH levels to determine menstrual stage

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

A birth control device that is inserted into the uterus and prevents the implantation of the embryo

Birth Control Pills

A medication that contains progesterone (w/ or w/o estrogen) to prevent FSH and LH from being released

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

A treatment option where estrogen is given via patch or vaginal ring

Coitus

Sexual intercourse

Genitalia

Reproductive organs

amnio

amnion

bartholino

Bartholin glands

cervico

cervix / neck

chorio

chorion

choriono

chroion

colpo

vagina

culdo

cul-de-sac

episio

vulva

Episiotomy

An incision made into the perineum in enlarge the vaginal orifice for delivery

Perineorrhaphy

The repairing of the incision made by a episiotomy

galacto

milk

gynceo

women / female

hystero

uterus / womb

Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH)

The removal of the entire uterus and cervix via abdominal incision

Vaginal Hysterectomy (VH)

The removal of the entire uterus and cervix via vagina

lacto

milk

mammo

breast

masto

breast

meno

menses

Amenorrhea

The absence of menses for 6 months

Menorrhagia

Abnormally heavy periods

Leading cause of menorrhagia

Metro

Uterus

Metrorrhagia

Abnormal bleeding between menses

Seen with ectopic pregnancy, cervical polyps, and tumros

Menometrorrhagia

Excessive uterine bleeding during and between menses

myo

muscle

myomo

muscle

nati

birth

obstetro

pregnancy and childbirth

oo

egg

oophro

ovary

ovo

egg

ovario

ovary