Prevention and Care Exam 3

absorption

the ability of the body's tissues to deform

propulsion

the ability to generate enough force to overcome external resistance from the environment

- action of moving forward/accelerate

stability

the ability of a muscle to rapidly switch between concentric

and eccentric contractions to maintain a target position

injury prevention

physical conditioning, footwear, and protective equipment (ex: orthotics) can be effective in preventing injuries

physical conditioning injury prevention

strengthening both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles & promotes flexibility (achilles tendon)

resistive range of motion RROM

apply resistance while the athlete moves the joint - used to test muscles to see how well they're working

stress tests

stressing ligaments to see how strong they are/laxity

- anterior drawer test, talar tilt, dorsiflexion & external rotation test

Thompson Test (Ankle)

testing for Achilles tendon rupture by squeezing calf

- should produce plantar flexion when intact: If NO motion = injury

neurological dysfunction

tapping on nerves located @ the joint to see reaction

- Tinel sign

pes cavus (foot deformity)

high arch and rigid foot deformity

pes planus (foot deformity)

characterized as flatfoot

hammer toe

extension of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) joint, and hyperextended at the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) joint

- toe deformity

claw toe

hyperextension of the MTP joint and flexion of the DIP and PIP joints

mallet toe

Neutral position at MTP and PIP joints, flexion at DIP joint

turf toe

sprain of the plantar capsular ligament of first MTP joint caused by forced hyperflexion or hyperextension of great toe\

- potential tear in flexor tendons or fracture of sesamoid bones

management: standard acute; rest; protection from excessive motion

hallyux valgus (bunion)

thickening of capsule and bursa of medial (inside) aspect of MTP joint of great toe; lateral aspect of the fifth toe caused by rubbing against inside of shoe

- surgery is needed to correct

Retrocalcaneal Bursitis (pump bump)

caused by external pressure- constrictive heel cup, coupled with excessive pronation or varus hindfoot

Management: standard acute; shoe modification; AT stretching

acute compartment syndrome

direct blow to anterolateral aspect of the tibia causing rapid increase in tissue pressure causing neurovascular compromise

- irreversible damage can occur within 12 to 24 hrs

Management: cold; no compression or elevation; immediate physician referral

Ottawa Ankle Rules

Inversion ankle sprain

caused by plantar flexion and inversion

first degree ankle sprain

pain and swelling on anterolateral aspect of lateral malleolys

what kind of pain is burning pain?

nerve pain

chronic condition: tight lateral retinaculum or weak vastus medialis, leading to patella tracking causing lateral pain

patellafemoral stress syndome

A positive Thomas test indicates the presence of ____ contractures in the right iliopsoas muscle

flexion

In a posterior and superior hip dislocation, the leg typically rests in what position?

hip flex and interiorly rotated

Avascular necrosis of the hip usually occurs at the?

head of the femur : Legg- Calves- pertheses

Which special test is positive when diagnosing a PCL sprain?

Posterior Stag Test

Which special test is positive when diagnosing a LCL sprain?

Varus

Which is known as the true ankle joint that performs dosiflexion and plantarflexion

talocrural joint

What structure is damaged during a lateral ankle sprain?

calcaneofibular ligament

which structure is damaged during a syndesmosis ankle sprain?

interosseus membrane

the structure that is involved with sever's disease is?

calcaneus

the structure involved in Sinding-Larsen-Johansen disease is?

apex of patella

What toe involves hyperextension of the MTP joint and flexion of the DIP and PIP joints?

Claw

a nondisplaced fracture of the pars interarticularis is termed?

spondylolysis

Which one of these spinal alignments is often associated with increased lordotic curve and kyphosis?

Sway back

Which type of swelling would we most likely see for an ACL sprain?

effusion (inside the joint)

which of the following injuries will have no radiating pain or neural involvement?

lumbar strain

2 multiple choice options

eversion ankle sprain

caused by excessive dorsiflexion and eversion effecting the deltoid ligament

syndesmosis sprain (high ankle sprain)

spreading of space at distal tibiofibular joint caused by dosriflexion and external rotation

lumbar spine

The lower part of the back, formed by five lumbar, five fused sacral, and four small coccygeal vertebrae

- forms convex curve anteriorly

sacroiliac joint

sacrum articulates with the ilium

primary movers for back extension

erector spinae muscles

kinematics

study of motion- movements are a result of additive motion from muscle segmental levels

- flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, rotation

prevention of spinal injuries

- protective equipment

- proper technique

- physical conditioning

lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine

caused by: congenital deformities, weak abdominal musculature, poor posture, activity with excessive hyperextension

sway back

increased lordotic curve and kyphosis caused by muscle weakness & compensatory muscle tightness

- entire pelvis shifts anteriorly causing the hips to move into extension

- impacts the center of gravity

flat back

decreased anterior lumbar curve/lordosis causing spine to appear flat

- impacts center of gravity

kyphosis and scoliosis

curvature of the spine

palpation

an examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts

slump test