Endocrine Lecture: Non-Insulin Injectables for Diabetes

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to diabetes treatment, specifically focusing on non-insulin injectables and their mechanisms of action, dosing, and side effects.

Amylin

A peptide hormone produced in the pancreas that reduces postprandial glucose by delaying gastric emptying and suppressing glucagon secretion.

Similin

An amylin mimetic used as a supplement to mealtime insulin for both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.

GLP-1 agonists

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists that stimulate insulin release, suppress glucagon, and slow gastric emptying.

Dosing regimen for type 1 diabetes with Similin

Initial dose is 15 micrograms before meals, titrated in increments of 15 micrograms every three days.

Max dose of Similin for type 1 diabetes

60 micrograms before meals.

Dosing regimen for type 2 diabetes with Similin

Initial dose is 60 micrograms before meals, may be increased to 120 micrograms if no nausea occurs.

Adverse effect of Similin

Severe hypoglycemia is a black box warning, especially common in type 1 diabetic patients.

Injection site reactions

Common reactions to Similin and GLP-1 agonists, usually resolve within a few days.

Exenatide

A GLP-1 receptor agonist, used for type 2 diabetes and available as both a short-acting and extended-release formulation.

Victoza

A GLP-1 agonist that is injected daily, with doses of 0.6, 1.2, or 1.8 milligrams.

Trulicity

A GLP-1 agonist administered weekly, with initial dose of 0.75 milligrams that may increase to 1.5 milligrams.

Hypoglycemia and sulfonylureas

Concurrent use of GLP-1 agonists with sulfonylureas can increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Black box warning for GLP-1 agonists

Risk of thyroid C-cell tumors, including medullary thyroid cancer.

Drug interactions with PO agents

GLP-1 agonists can delay absorption of oral drugs; should be administered one hour prior or two hours after injection.

GI side effects

Common side effects associated with GLP-1 agonists, including nausea and injection site reactions.