RRES QUIZ 1

Religion

A cultural system of behavior, practices, worldviews, sacred texts, and ethics that builds connection between humanity and the supernatural or transcendent.

Religare

The Latin term meaning "to bind together," which is the most commonly accepted etymology of the word "religion".

Relegere

The Latin term meaning "to read or go through again in speech or thought," proposed as an alternative etymology for religion.

Cicero

The Roman philosopher associated with both etymologies of religion: "religare" (to bind) and "relegere" (to read again).

Rudolf Otto

The author of "The Idea of the Holy" (1917), who argued that religion expresses the experience of the holy, which varies across cultures.

Paul Tillich

The philosopher who defined religion as "the state of being grasped by an ultimate concern" that answers the question of life's meaning.

Immanuel Kant

The philosopher who defined religion as "the recognition of all our duties as divine commands," insisting that religion is inseparable from ethics.

Cosmological Dimension

The feature of religion that addresses fundamental questions about the universe, such as creation stories and the origins of existence.

Soteriological Dimension

The feature of religion that provides answers to the human problem of final destiny and offers a scheme for salvation or deliverance.

Anthropological Dimension

The feature of religion that empowers people to transcend human boundaries and engage with mystery, such as the Trinity in Christianity.

Symbolic Dimension

The feature of religion expressed through rituals and sacred symbols that give meaning to human behavior and manifest the holy.

Moral Dimension

The feature of religion that establishes a sense of right living, though moral views differ across traditions, such as divorce in Judaism versus Christianity.

Organizational Dimension

The feature of religion that establishes structures of authority, with leaders such as imams, rabbis, popes, and councils.

Theological Dimension

The feature of religion that deals with the existence and nature of a supreme being or ultimate source of authority.

Theo

The Greek root meaning "God," used in terms like theology to denote the study of the divine.

Adonai

The Hebrew term meaning "Lord," used in Judaism to refer to God without pronouncing the sacred name.

Allah

The Arabic term for God in Islam, signifying the supreme being worshipped by Muslims.

Brahman

The ultimate reality or supreme being in Hinduism, distinct from the deity Brahma.

Siddhartha Gautama

The historical founder of Buddhism, also known as the Buddha, who taught the path to enlightenment.

Imam

The religious leader in Islam who leads prayers and provides spiritual guidance in the community.

Rabbi

The religious leader in Judaism who serves as a teacher and spiritual authority.

Pope

The highest authority in Roman Catholic Christianity, supported by the College of Cardinals and bishops.

Eastern Orthodox

The Christian tradition that has no single primate but is governed by councils, contrasting with the papal structure.

Monk

A religious devotee in Buddhism who renounces worldly life for spiritual practice, often under a head monk.

Religious Experience

A personal encounter with a supreme being, characterized by strict adherence to particular beliefs and often involving transformation.

Spiritual Experience

An inward process of engaging, discovering, and understanding the self, focusing on identity and connection with the divine spirit.

William James

The philosopher who described religious experience as a transformation that alters a person's life.

Rudolf Otto's Warning

The caution that religious experience is not automatic or universal

it varies and is not given to everyone.

Michael Downey

The scholar who defined spirituality as the depth of human existence, involving the discovery and understanding of the self.

Maslow

The psychologist known for the concept of self-actualization, which relates to the spiritual pursuit of fulfilling one's potential.

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

The author of "The Little Prince" who wrote, "What is essential is invisible to the naked eye," highlighting the intangible nature of spirituality.

Joann Wolski Conn

The theologian who defined spirituality as "the capacity for self-transcendence."

Bernard McGinn

The scholar who stated that spirituality is an important element in human nature and experience.

Ewert Cousins

The thinker who defined spirituality as "the inner dimension of the person wherein the ultimate reality is experienced."

John Macquarrie

The philosopher who defined spirituality as "becoming a person in the fullest sense."

Edward Kinerk

The author who defined spirituality as an expression of the dialectic movement from the inauthentic self to the authentic self.

Raimundo Panikkar

The scholar who defined spirituality as "a typical way of handling the human condition."

Sandra Schneiders

The theologian who defined spirituality as the actualization of the human spirit through self-transcendence toward the ultimate value one perceives.

Evelyn Underhill

The author of "Mysticism" who described humans as vision-creating beings with a capacity for self-transcendence beyond mere bodily perfection.

Sheldrake

The scholar who asserted that human desires lead to spiritual fulfillment, connecting yearning with transcendence.

Poonen

The author who distinguished religiosity as human and external, while spirituality is divine and a matter of the heart.

First Mass During Pandemic

The first public Mass during COVID-19 was held in June 2020 with only 50 percent of normal attendance.

Pantawid COVID

Initiatives by religious groups during the pandemic, such as voluntary cooking, free meals, and community pantries, reflecting applied moral action.

Reincarnation

The Hindu belief that the soul is reborn based on accumulated good or bad karma from previous lives.

Rebirth

The Buddhist concept of life after death, which differs from Hindu reincarnation in its view of anatta or no permanent self.

Mindfulness

The practice of present-moment awareness, which originated from Buddhist meditation traditions.

Faith

The act of believing things that cannot be empirically confirmed, according to the notes.

Mystery of the Trinity

An example of a mystery in Christianity, where God is understood as three persons in one essence, illustrating engagement with the incomprehensible.

Superior Religion

According to the book's preface, no religion is superior

each tradition is valid in its own cultural context.

Practice Multiple Religions

Attempting to follow three religions simultaneously results in having no belief at all, as faith requires commitment, not dilution.

Divorce in Christianity

This practice is not morally aligned with Christian teachings, according to the notes.

Divorce in Judaism

This practice is allowed under the Law of Moses, contrasting with Christian views.

Multiple Wives in Islam

This practice is permitted in Islam, showing how moral dimensions differ across religions.

Objective vs Subjective

Religion is objective and external, while spirituality is subjective and internal, according to the notes.

Communal vs Personal

Religion is communal and focuses on group practices, while spirituality is personal and focuses on individual self-discovery.

Constant Search for Meaning

According to Paul Tillich, this is the fundamental reason why humans have religion.

Why Different Religions Exist

Each culture has a different tradition, which gives rise to the diversity of world religions.

Rituals

These are physical expressions of ideas in our minds and are expressions of what is holy.

Symbols

These are reminders of what is holy, used as signs for sacred objects or ideas.

Self-Transcendence

The capacity to go beyond oneself and one's limitations, which is a key element in spirituality.

Human Spirit

This connects with the divine spirit during spiritual experiences, according to the notes.

Ultimate Concern

Paul Tillich's concept of a concern that qualifies all other concerns as preliminary and contains the answer to life's meaning.

Divine Commands

According to Immanuel Kant, religion is the recognition of all our duties as these.

Creation Stories

These are classic examples of the cosmological dimension of religion.

Scheme for Salvation

This is what the soteriological dimension provides for believers.

Baptism

The notes mention that religious experience involves adhering to particular practices such as this.

College of Cardinals

This body supports the Pope in the organizational structure of Roman Catholicism.

Bishops

In Christianity, each church has these leaders under the Pope, forming part of the hierarchy.

Head Monk

The leading authority figure in a Buddhist monastic community.

Councils

The governing bodies that hold authority in Eastern Orthodox Christianity, rather than a single primate.

Law of Moses

The Jewish law that permits divorce, illustrating the distinct moral dimension of Judaism.

Community Pantries

These were part of the Pantawid COVID initiatives conducted by religious groups.

Orphanages

These institutions were supported by religious groups during the pandemic as part of their relief efforts.

Home for the Aged

Another type of institution that received support from religious organizations during COVID-19.

50 Percent

The maximum attendance capacity allowed for the first Mass held during the pandemic in June 2020.

June 2020

The specific month and year when the first public Mass was held during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Idea of the Holy

The title of Rudolf Otto's 1917 book that explores the nature of religious experience.

Mysticism

The book by Evelyn Underhill that discusses the nature and development of human consciousness.

Nature and Development of Human Consciousness

The subtitle of Evelyn Underhill's book "Mysticism."

The Little Prince

The famous novella by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry that contains the quote about the invisible essence.

Good or Bad Karma

The determining factor for reincarnation in Hinduism.

Anatta

The Buddhist doctrine of no permanent self, which distinguishes rebirth from Hindu reincarnation.

Brahma

A specific deity in Hinduism, distinct from the ultimate reality called Brahman.

Lord in Hebrew

The meaning of the term Adonai, used to refer to God in Judaism.

God in Arabic

The meaning of the term Allah in Islam.

Leads Prayers in Islam

The primary function of the Imam in the Muslim community.

Serves as Teacher in Judaism

The primary function of the Rabbi in the Jewish community.

Highest Authority in Roman Catholic

The role of the Pope within the organizational dimension of Christianity.

No Primate Only Councils

The distinctive organizational structure of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Believing Things You Cannot Confirm

The definition of faith according to the notes.

"Religion clears your path or be a form of guide"

A direct statement from the notes describing the practical role of religion.

"Who am I"

The biggest question in spirituality, according to Michael Downey and the pursuit of identity.

"Religiosity is human, spirituality is divine"

A direct quote from Poonen (1992) distinguishing the two concepts.

"What is essential is invisible to the naked eye"

A direct quote from Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's "The Little Prince."

Sheldon's Religion Switching

The scenario from the notes that prompts the question: is it right to switch religions?

Reincarnation Depends on Karma

A specific belief of Hinduism regarding life after death.

Buddhism Rebirth

A specific belief of Buddhism regarding life after death.

Religare Means To Bind

The most accepted etymological meaning of the word religion.