4.4.3.1 - The process of electrolysis

What occurs during electrolysis?

During electrolysis, an electric current is passed through an electrolyte (a molten or dissolved ionic compound)

This causes the ions in the compound to move towards the electrodes where they react

This cause the compound to decompose and separate

What are electrolytes?

When an ionic compound is melted or dissolved in water, the ions are free to move about within the liquid or solution.

These liquids and solutions are then able to conduct electricity and are called electrolytes.

What does passing an electric current through an electrolyte cause?

Passing an electric current through electrolytes causes the ions to move to the electrodes.

What is the positive electrode called?

The anode

What is the negative electrode called?

The cathode

Where do positively charged ions go to?

Positively charged ions move to the negative electrode - the cathode

Where do negatively charged ions go to?

Negatively charged ions move to the positive electrode - the anode

What happens to positive ions at the cathode?

They gain electrons - they are reduced

What happens to negative ions at the anode?

They lose electrons - they are oxidised

What does the oxidation and reduction of element at the electrode create?

It creates a flow of charge through the electrolyte as ions travel to the electrodes

What is discharged at the electrodes?

Ions are discharged at the electrodes forming elements