Drugs affecting the sympathetic nervous system

What is norepinepherine

stored in adrenergic nerve endings released when nerve is stimulated and can be reused or destroyed by monoamine oxidase

how are norepinephrine and epinephrine similar

both stimulate internal organs to increase sympathetic activity

what does epinephrine do

produced in adrenal medulla and released in stress relax smooth muscle and promote bronchodilation

where are alpha 1 receptors

smooth muscle membranes of arteries, veins and sphincters of urinary and gastrointestinal tract

where are alpha 2 receptors

adrenergic nerve endings

where are beta 1 receptors

in heart

where are beta 2 receptors

in smooth coronary and skeletal muscle blood vessels, bronchiolar smooth muscle

what are sympathomimetic adrenergic drugs

stimulate sympathetic nervous system,

what are sympatholytic adrenergic drugs

antagonize sympathetic nervous system

what are the effects of alpha-adrenergic drugs

sympathomimetics stimulate alpha-1

contract blood vessile and GI tract

dilate eye

what are the clinical indications of alpha-adrenergic drugs

hypotension, nasal decongestion, ocular decongestion

what are the adverse effect of alpha- adrenergic drugs

irritate nasal sinuses or eyes, hypertensive crisis, hemorrahge or cardiac arrhythmia

what do beta adrenergic drugs

stimulate heart, bronchodilation, inhibit uterine contractions

what are the clinical indications of beta adrenergic drugs

anaphylaxis

what are the adverse effects of beta- adrenergic drugs

CNS and heart overstimulation, can cause Cardiovascular effects and complications

what is dopamine

precursor of NE

used to treat circulatory shock

stimulate dopamine receptors

overdosage

how does low dopamine stimuate dopamine receptors

result in vasodilation and increase renal blood flow

how does moderate dopamine stimulate dopamine receptors

stimulate beta-1 increases myocardial contractility and cardiac output

how does high dopamine stimuate dopamine receptors

alpha stimulation result in vasoconstriction

what are alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs

compete with NE and EPI at alpha adrenergic receptors

relax smooth muscle

what are the clinical indications of alpha adrenergic blocking drugs

treat hypertension, protsatic hyperplasia, pheochromocytoma peripheral vascular conditions

what are the adverse effects of alpha adrenergic blocking drugs

increase in parasympathetic activity (constrict pupils, increased GI activity) orthostatic hypotension and fainting

how do beta-adrenergic blocking drugs

antagonize beta effects of EPI and NE, decreased heart activity

what are the types of beta blockers

selective and nonselective

what are the pharmacological effects of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs

decreased rate, contraction force, and conductivity of heart

lower blood pressure

what are clinical indications of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs

angia pectoris, hypertension, chronic heart failure,

what are the adverse effects of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs

bradycardia, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrest,

what are adrenergic neuronal blocking drugs

interfere with the formation and storage of NE, treat severe hypertension

what is methyldopa

adrenergic neuronal blocking drug that interferes with NE synthesis

what is Reserpine, guanethidine, and guanadrel adrenergic neuronal blocking drugs

prevent and deplete NE storage

clinical indication for adrenergic neuronal blocking drugs

anaphylaxis, bronchodilation, hypertension, diuretic