racial and ethnic rights exam 2

Describe why French President Charles DeGaulle was sent home early during an official visit to Canada in 1967. In the country of Turkiye, it is illegal to publicly refer to events from what time period involving what group as genocide? In what country is the Darfur region? What group has committed genocide against what other group in Darfur in the past 25 years? What reason has China given for why it has placed two million Uyghur people in "re-education centers."

• DeGaulle 1967: Sent home after declaring "Vive le Québec libre!" “Long Live Free Quebec” - viewed as supporting Quebec independence

• Turkey: Illegal to publicly refer to Armenian genocide during Ottoman Empire (1915-1922)

• Darfur: Region in western Sudan - Arab militias committed genocide against non-Arab groups (Zaghawa, etc.) past 25 years

• China's Uyghurs: Claims "re-education centers" combat terrorism

Ten years ago, most members of the Rohingya ethnic group lived in what country? How were the Rohingya ethnically, racially, or religiously distinct from most people in their country? Where do most Rohingya live today and why? Describe why some Rohingya have filed a $150 billion lawsuit against Meta (Facebook) in California, and why those Rohingya claim Facebook is at fault for social media posts on its platform.

• Original location: Myanmar

• Religious difference: Muslim minority in Buddhist-majority country

• Current location: Mostly refugees in Bangladesh

• Meta lawsuit: $150B lawsuit claims Facebook allowed anti-Rohingya hate speech that led to violence

Describe how the ancestors of the Cajuns ended up in Louisiana. What country invaded South Ossetia in what other country in 2008? What are the three newest members of the United Nations this century, and what countries did those new countries separate from? Describe why Scottish attitudes toward independence changed after 2016. What did the British Supreme Court rule in 2022 about a Scottish independence referendum?

• Cajuns: Expelled from Canada during French-Indian War, settled Louisiana

• South Ossetia: Russia invaded Georgia in 2008

• Newest UN members:

  • Montenegro (separated from Serbia)

  • South Sudan (separated from Sudan)

  • Switzerland (Joined after being neutral)

• Scotland: Independence support grew after 2016 Brexit; Supreme Court ruled 2022 that Scotland needs UK Parliament approval for referendum

Describe the differences in the Competition Theory and the Theory of Internal Colonialism of how competition for private jobs can lead to ethnic tensions. What region of Spain voted for independence in 2017? Describe one way in which Spain's government reacted to that independence referendum. The president of that region that voted for independence now lives where?

• Competition Theory: Tensions from economic competition over limited resources

• Internal Colonialism: Tensions from structural oppression/exploitation of minority groups

• Catalonia 2017: Catalonia voted for independence (Spain declared illegal)

• Spain's response: Police shut polls, imposed direct rule

• Puigdemont: Catalan president fled to Belgium

Describe the assimilationist state constitutional amendment approved by Arizona voters in 1988. What did the Arizona Supreme Court rule about the state's constitutional amendment in 1998, and what is one reason the court gave as to why they ruled that way? Which two US states have exactly two official state languages, and what are the two official languages in each of those states? Describe two examples of government use of ethnic or racial containment in American history.

• Arizona 1988: Amendment made English official government language only

• Arizona Supreme Court 1998: Struck down amendment - violated free speech

• Two-language states:

  • Hawaii: English & Hawaiian

  • Alaska: English & Iñupiaq

• Containment examples:

  • Japanese internment camps (WWII)

  • Redlining/segregated housing policies

The French policy of laïcité refers to what? Describe the 2004 French law approved under that policy that affected public schools. Describe the 2011 French law approved under that policy that affected public places like parks, stores, and museums. Describe two arguments in favor of that 2011 law and two arguments against that 2011 law.

• Laïcité: Strict separation of religion and state

• 2004 law: Banned conspicuous religious symbols in public schools

• 2011 law: Banned full-face coverings in public spaces

• 2011 law debates:

  • Pro: Protects secularism, promotes gender equality

  • Con: Targets Muslims, violates religious freedom

Name the countries from which activists from each of the following ethnic groups are seeking separation: A) Karakalpak; B) Gagauz; C) Kashmiri; D) Amazigh; E) Sardinians; F) Baloch.  

• Karakalpak: Uzbekistan

• Gagauz: Moldova

• Kashmiri: India

• Amazigh (Berbers): North Africa (Morocco, Algeria)

• Sardinians: Italy

• Baloch: Pakistan

A 2015 Commission in Canada claimed a cultural genocide against what people and for what practices? What is the country of citizenship of most H-1B visa holders in the USA? What is the "Great Replacement" conspiracy theory? What is the "blood libel" conspiracy theory? How did the arrest of the former school superintendent of Millcreek, PA, in Des Moines, Iowa, make national news in the past month? The Parsley Massacre of 1937 involved the intentional killing of members of what ethnic group by what other group?

• Canada 2015: Cultural genocide against Indigenous peoples (residential schools)

• H-1B visas: Most holders are Indian citizens

• Great Replacement theory: Claims elites replacing white/Christian populations

• Blood libel: Medieval antisemitic myth about Jews using Christian blood

• Millcreek superintendent: Arrested for living/working illegally in US

• Parsley Massacre 1937: Dominicans killed Haitians

Last King of Scotland

Uganda

21 official languages

Alaska

Bougainville independence

Papua New Guinea

UFW leader holiday(California)

Cesar Chavez

Apartheid

South Africa

Who opposed Indigenous Rights vote

United States