Lymphomas

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16 Terms

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Types of Lymphomas

  1. Hodgkin lymphoma (aka Hodgkin’s disease)

  2. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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Hodgkin lymphoma (aka Hodgkin’s disease) General

Neoplastic proliferation of an atypical lymphoid cell – Reed-Sternberg cell

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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma general

Neoplastic proliferation of B cells, T cells or rarely histiocytic cells (macrophages and dendritic cells)

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Lymphomas – general origin and spread

  1. Start in lymph node (typical)

  2. Spread to spleen, liver and bone marrow (other organs in advanced disease)

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Hodgkin lymphoma origin (3)

Germinal center B cell →

Transformation and loss of B cell markers →

Reed-Sternberg cell

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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

B cell or T cell → Malignant transformation

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Reed-Sternberg cells function

Release many cytokines and chemokines

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Reed-Sternberg cells cause (4)

  1. Chronic Inflammatory reaction and tissue fibrosis in the affected lymph node

  2. Eosinophilia

  3. Plasmacytosis and hypergammaglobinemia

  4. Leukocytosis

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Hodgkin lymphoma histology (4)

  1. Large cells

  2. Abundant pale cytoplasm

  3. Binucleate with prominent nucleoli (Reed-Sternberg cells)

  4. Surrounding reactive inflammatory cells (Most cells of the tumor)

<ol><li><p>Large cells </p></li><li><p>Abundant pale cytoplasm</p></li><li><p>Binucleate with prominent nucleoli (Reed-Sternberg cells)</p></li><li><p>Surrounding reactive inflammatory cells (Most cells of the tumor)</p></li></ol><p></p>
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Hodgkin lymphoma – clinical presentation (2)(2)

  1. Lymphadenopathy

  2. Systemic symptoms

    1. Fatigue, anorexia

    2. Fever, weight loss, night sweats***

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Lymphadenopathy development (2)

  1. Starts with enlargement of a single lymph node or group of lymph nodes

  2. Lymph nodes feel rubbery and more firm

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Systemic B symptoms (2)

  1. Fever, weight loss, night sweats

  2. from cytokines released from tumor cells or reactive immune cells

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Hodgkin lymphoma patient population (2)

Bimodal age distribution

  1. Peak at about 20 years old

  2. Peak at about 65 years old

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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma – clinical presentation Varies…

Varies depending on the type of lymphoma and area of involvement

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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma – clinical presentation General (2)

  1. Indolent with slowly growing lymphadenopathy waxing and waning over years →

  2. Highly aggressive resulting in death within a few weeks if untreated (Rapidly growing)

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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma – Symptoms (2)

  1. Rapidly growing mass

  2. Systemic B symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss)