NSG 212 Terms

Terms needed to understand NSG 212

La belle indifférence

Inappropriate lack of concern for symptoms.

Agranulocytosis

Life-threatening condition- blood has lower than normal white blood cells

Akathisia

Feelings of severe restlessness not relieved by movement caused by the use of antipsychotics.

Anhedonia

Inability to experience pleasure

Aphasia

Inability to communicate through speech because of brain dysfunction.

Apraxia

Inability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function.

Assault

Making a threat to a client’s person

Assimilation

Taking in new information

Autonomy

Development of a sense of self and independence

Avolition

Lack of motivation to accomplish goals

Battery

Touching a client in a harmful or offensive way

Burden of treatment

Interventions, medications, and treatments that may complicate a client’s conditions. Negative Impact

Catatonia

Rigidity and inflexibility of muscles, resulting in immobility or extreme agitation.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

Combines behavior therapy with cognitive psychology; it is a problem-focused and action-oriented short-term therapy.

Competence

A client’s ability to understand information, use reasonable thought processes, communicate their wishes, and understand the consequences of their decisions.

Conversion

Transference of anxiety into physical symptoms.

Countertransference

Occurs when a health care team member displaces characteristics of people in their past onto a client.

Cyclothymic

Chronic mood disturbance involving numerous episodes of hypomania and depressed mood.

Defense mechanisms

Group of behaviors used to reduce or eliminate anxiety.

Deinstitutionalization

A policy in which people who had formerly required long hospital stays became able to leave the institution and return to their communities and homes.

Delirium tremens (DTs)

Form of delirium from withdrawal from alcohol with symptoms such as tremors, hallucinations, and diaphoresis.

Delusions of Grandeur

Belief of exaggerated importance.

Delusions of Reference

Belief that the thoughts and behaviors of others are directed toward self.

Delusions

Including delusions of grandeur and persecution.

Depersonalization

Where individuals feel as if they are seeing themselves from outside of their body.

Derealization

Where individuals feel detached from their environment or that objects around them are unreal.

Dissociation

A mental state of disconnecting from one’s thoughts, memories, and feelings.

Duty to warn

The obligation of mental health professionals to warn third parties whom their clients intend to harm

Dysphasia

Difficulty in speaking.

Dystonia

A disorder with bizarre distortions or involuntary movements of any muscle group.

Echolalia

Repetition of phrases or words; often part of catatonia.

Echopraxia

Repeating the movements of others.

Effective coping

Skills that reduce tension and do not create more problems for an individual.

Ego

Second part of Freud’s personality development theory, balancing the id.

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

Responses associated with drugs that antagonize the dopamine receptors, causing effects like tremors and rigidity.

False imprisonment

Confining a client to a specific area without justification is considered false imprisonment.

Fidelity

A promise to be a competent nurse when providing patient care.

Global aphasia

Combination of receptive and expressive forms of aphasia.

Hallucinations

Including auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory, olfactory.

Id

First part of Freud’s personality theory, preoccupied with self-gratification.

Illusions

Misperceiving real external stimuli.

Informed Consent

The individual’s voluntary agreement to treatment after understanding the risks and benefits.

Intentional torts

Willful actions that damage a client's property or violate client rights.

Interpersonal communication

Communication that occurs one-on-one with another individual.

Intrapersonal communication

Communication that occurs within an individual; also known as self-talk.

Involuntary admission

The client enters a mental health facility against their will for indefinite treatment.

Magical thinking

A primitive form of thinking believing that thinking can control occurrences.

Malingering

Deliberate faking or exaggerating of symptoms.

Malpractice

A type of professional negligence.

Mood

Individual’s sustained emotional tone influencing behavior and perception.

Negative reinforcement

Increasing the probability of a behavior by removal of an undesirable stimulus.

Negative symptoms

Symptoms reflected in schizophrenia, indicative of a loss of normal functions.

Negligence

Failing to provide adequate care when obligated.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A life-threatening reaction to antipsychotic drugs with symptoms like fever and rigidity.

Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to reorganize synaptic connections in response to learning or injury.

Oculogyric crisis

Uncontrolled rolling back of the eyes.

Operant conditioning

Learning through rewards and punishments.

Orientation

Measurement of knowledge of person, place, and time.

Paranoid delusions

Belief of deliberate harassment and persecution.

Parkinsonism

Symptoms mimicking Parkinson's disease.

Phobia

Irrational fear.

Physical Sensation Delusion

Belief that body parts are diseased, distorted, or missing.

Positive reinforcement

Increasing behavior by adding a reinforcing stimulus.

Positive schizophrenia symptoms

Excess or distortion of normal functions seen in schizophrenia.

Proxemics

Study of spatial relationships influenced by culture.

Pseudo parkinsonism

Symptoms resembling Parkinsonism.

Psychosis

A mental state with severe loss of contact with reality.

Rapport

Matching of speech patterns to establish communication.

Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Therapy involving a balance between thinking and feeling.

Respite care

Relief provided to primary caregivers.

Scaffolding

Guidance in learning that increases independence.

Secondary gain

Benefits received in response to illness.

Somatic

Relating to or affecting the body.

Somatization

Emotional turmoil expressed as physical symptoms.

Speech disturbances

Disorganized speech patterns including loose associations and echolalia.

Splitting

Defense mechanism of seeing things in absolutes.

Superego

Third part of Freud’s personality theory dealing with morality.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD)

Involuntary movements from side effects of antipsychotic drugs.

Therapeutic communication

Communication to determine a patient’s needs.

Thought insertion

Experiencing one's thoughts as belonging to someone else.

Transference

Client views a healthcare member as a significant figure from their past.

Denial

An unconscious refusal to acknowledge reality.

Repression

Unconscious burying of unbearable events from consciousness.

Dissociation

Separating painful experiences from the conscious mind.

Rationalization

Substituting acceptable reasons for true causes of behavior.

Compensation

Making up for perceived inadequacies through desirable traits.

Reaction formation (Overcompensation)

Developing the opposite trait to cope.

Regression

Emotionally returning to an earlier, less stressful time.

Sublimation

Diverting unacceptable traits into socially acceptable ones.

Displacement

Transferring anger to a less powerful person or object.

Projection

Attributing unacceptable feelings to others.

Isolation

Emotion separated from the original feeling.

Avoidance

Staying away from events that might evoke anxiety.

Altruism

Unselfish regard or devotion to others.

Conversion Reaction

Channeling anxiety into physical symptoms.

Intellectualization

Avoiding uncomfortable emotions by focusing on logic.

Restitution (Undoing)

Making amends for unacceptable behavior to reduce guilt.

Splitting

Seeing people/events in absolute terms without middle ground.

Scapegoating

Blaming others.