Dofka Dental Terminology Chapter 14 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

oral maxillofacial surgeon

a dentist who has completed additional oral surgical and anesthesia studies of two to three years

exodontia

extraction of a tooth

forceps

pincers for seizing, holding, or extracting

scalpel

a small surgical knife used to cut open or excise tissue from a surgical area

bone file

heavier and thicker than the file used on tooth and restoration surfaces. some may be single ended, but most are double ended with serrated file edges and different head sizes on opposite sides. they are used to smooth off irregular bone edges remaining from extracted teeth or bone restructure

elevators

devices used to raise the tooth

periosteal elevator

used to loosen the periosteum tissue from bone, or detach the tissue around the cervix of the tooth and retract tissue in the surgical site.

periosteotome

cutting tissue around bone

exolever elevator

used to elevate or luxate a tooth from its natural socket; also called root elevators. device to raise or elevate

apical elevator

used to elevate or pick out remains of a fractured root tip. these elevators have thinner handles and longer shanked tips than other tooth elevators. pertaining to apex or tip

hemostat

device or drug used to arrest blood flow

needle holder

similar to a hemostat except that the nose of the instrument is rounded and blunted with serrated criss crossed edges inside its beaks to assist with holding a needle

scissors

various specialized scissors used in oral surgery

tissue scissor

longer handled scissors with a serrated blade edges that is used to grasp and hold the tissue during cutting

suture scissor

smaller scissors with one curved, half moon blade that is inserted under the suture thread during cutting

bandage scissor

scissors to cut materials and dressing during surgery. usually have one longer, blunted blade tip to insert under material

rongeurs

bone cutting. grasp-handled instrument similar to forceps but with a spring in the handle to provide a "nipping" action. Beaks may be sharp cutting points (ends) or round sided (blades). Used to snip off bony edges and rough areas.

aspirating tips

disposable or metal suction tips with longer handles and narrower tip openings

chisel

device that is longer, thicker, and heavier than tooth chisels. Used to chip away bone and to apply force enough to break impacted molar teeth that will be removed in sections.

mallet

surgical hammer. used to apply pressure to chisels.

curette

hand instrument with a spoon shaped face that is inserted in the socket or surgical site to scrape out infection and debris

retractor

draw back. hand device used to draw back cheeks and/or tissue to provide more access or light to the surgical area

cheek retractor

may be bent wire shaped device or flat curved handles used to scoop and hold cheek tissue

tongue retractor

scissor type of instrument with longer shaft and padded or serrated edges. used to grasp and hold tongue

mouth prop

small, medium, or large pieces of hard rubber

suture

used to close up a wound or incision

surgical bur

similar to dental burs but larger in size. used to remove bone, to expose root tips, or to score and divide teeth in preparation for forced sectioning and removal

horizontal impaction

the tooth is horizontally tilted

vertical impaction

tooth is in upright position but in close proximity to or under the crown of a nearby tooth

distoangular impaction

crown of the tooth is slanted toward the distal surface and is covered by tissue and or bone

mesioangular impaction

the crown of the tooth is mesially tilted and covered by tissue and or bone

transverse impaction

rooth is situated sideways to the adjacent teeth and occlusal plane

alveolitis

infection or inflammation of the alveolar process

gingivectomy

surgical excision of unattached gingival tissues

gingivoplasty

surgical recontour of the gingival tissues

periodontal flap surgery

surgical excision and removal of pocket or tissue extensions

frenectomy

surgical removal or resectioning of a frenum

ankyloglossia

shortness of the tongue frenum, tongue tied

biopsy

small tissue incision

incision biopsy

removing a wedge shaped section of affected tissue along with some normal adjacent tissue

excision biopsy

removal of the entire lesion of affected tissue with some underlying normal tissue

exfoliative biopsy

scraping with glass slide or tongue depressor to collect tissue cells for microscopic study

brush biopsy

much like the exfoliative test, a pipe stem brush is drawn across the mouth tissues, scraped against a glass slide, fixed with a solution, and sent to the lab for a computer-assisted reading

leukoplakia

formation of white patches on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity that cannot be scraped off and have the potential for malignancy

fibroma

benign, fibrous, encapsulated connective tissue tumor

papilloma

benign, epithelial tumor of the skin or mucous membrane

hemangioma

benign tumor of dilated blood vessels

granuloma

glandular tumor usually occurring with other disease

osteoplasty

forming or recontouring bones

alveolectomy

usually performed to remove alveolar bone crests remaining after tooth extraction in preparation for a smooth bone ridge for denture wear

apicoectomy

usually requires opening of the periodontium, including some alveolar bone, and exposure with removal of the root apex.

exostosis

bony outgrowth. removing overgrowths and smoothing off of bone edges in preparation for dentures

torus

rounded elevation; excessive bone growth

cysts

abnormal, closed-walled sac present in or around tissue

dentigerous cyst

cystic sac containing a tooth or tooth bud particle

radicular cyst

cyst located alongside or at the apex of a tooth root

ranula cyst

cystic tumor found on the underside of the tongue or in the sublingual or submaxillary ducts

genioplasty

plastic surgery of the chin or cheek

macrogenia

large or excessive chin

microgenia

undersized chin

lateral excessive/deficient

excessive bone in one direction and deficient bone in another

asymmetrical

lack of balance of size and shape on opposite sides

pseudomacrogenia

excess of soft tissue presenting a chin with the look of abnormal size

hemiarthroplasty

surgical repair of a joint with a partial joint implant reconstruction

autogenous reconstruction

rebuilding of the joint using organic material supplied by the patient, such as toe or rib bone grafts

alloplastic reconstruction

rebuilding of the joint using inert, synthetic man-made materials; can be manufactured to be resorbable or nonresorbable

allograft reconstruction

graft material taken from human donors

xenograft

harvested from animals

total joint reconstruction

surgical intervention and use of artificial prostheses for the condyle, disc, and fossa of the temporal bone

revision surgery

surgical correction of an area that has been operated on previously, occurring when further degeneration happens, when previous implants have failed, or when going from a partial joint implant to a total implant

endosteal implant

placement within the bone (implant). can be used as an anchor for a single tooth or multiple areas, depending on the style of implant.

subperiosteal implant

beneath the periosteum and placed onto the bone (implant). used to hold a base plate for tooth-replacing device, similar to a denture base.

transosteal implant

anchor implants that are placed all the way through the mandible.

endodontic implant

within the tooth (implant).

intramucosal insert

indentations in the palate used to provide anchorage for special mushroom shaped pads built into the gum side of a removable denture