DMS 221 Penny Ch 27

fetal heart and chest

a condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes

aneuploidy

abnormality in which there is a small or absent opening between the left ventricle and the aorta

aortic atresia

abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve

aortic stenosis

abnormal development of the central portion of the heart; also referred to as endocardial cushion defect

atrioventricular defect

the sonographic appearance of a fetal unilateral pleural effusion

bat-wing sign

a method of fetal monitoring with sonography to produce a numeric scoring system that predicts fetal well-being

biophysical profile

the herniation of abdominal contents into the chest cavity because of an opening in the left posterolateral portion of the diaphragm

bochdalek hernia

tendons within the heart that attach the tricuspid valve in the right ventricle and the mitral valve in the left ventricle to their respective papillary muscle

chordae tenineae

the narrowing of the aortic arch

coarctation of the aorta

a mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lung tissue that develops within the fetal chest

cystic adenomatoid malformation

the herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest cavity through a defect in the diaphragm

diaphragmatic hernia

a genetic disorder characterized by an absent or hypoplastic thymus, which ultimately leads to impairment of the immune system and susceptibility to infection, as well as cognitive disorders, congenital heart defects, palate defects, and hormonal abnormalities

DiGeorge syndrome

a fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch

ductus arteriosus

a fetal shunt that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

ductus venosus

the malformation or malpositioning of the tricuspid valve that causes multiple heart defects

ebstein anomaly

a condition in which the heart is located either partially or completely outside the fetal chest

ectopic cordis

another name for atrioventricular defect

endocardial cushion defect

lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

eventration of the diaphragm

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in at least two fetal body cavities

fetal hydrops

an opening located in the left posterolateral portion of the diaphragm

foramen of bochdalek

an opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm

foramen of morgagni

an opening within the fetal heart within the atrial septum that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium

foramen ovale

incomplete development of the left ventricle, resulting in a small or absent left ventricle

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

incomplete development of the right ventricle, resulting in a small or absent right ventricle

hypoplastic right heart syndrome

a test of the amniotic fluid that predicts fetal lung maturity

lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio

a lower-than-normal amount of amniotic fluid for gestational age

oligohydramnios

an anterior abdominal wall defect where there is herniation of the fetal bowel and other abdominal organs into the base of the umbilical cord

omphalocele

paired muscles in both sides of the heart that hold in place either the mitral or tricuspid valves

papillary muscle

a group of anomalies that include an omphalocele, along with ectopic cordis, cleft sternum, anterior diaphragmatic defect, and pericardial defects

pentalogy of cantrell

fluid accumulation around the heart in the pericardial cavity

pericardial effusion

the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

pleural effusion

syndrome characterized by bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasia, and limb abnormalities

potter syndrome

the absence of the pulmonary valve, which, in turn, prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs

pulmonary atresia

underdevelopment of the lungs

pulmonary hypoplasia

a separate mass of non-functioning lung tissue with its own blood supply

pulmonary sequestration

the narrowing of the pulmonary valve

pulmonary stenosis

a fetal heart tumor found withing the myocardium

rhabdomyoma

a group of abnormalities consisting of an overriding aortic root, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy

tetralogy of fallot

a procedure that uses a needle to drain fluid from the pleural cavity for either diagnostic or therapeutic reasons

thoracentesis

abnormality in which the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and the aorta arises from the right ventricle

transposition of the great vessels

the leakage of blood back through the tricuspid valve

tricuspid regurgitation

chromosomal aberration in which there is a third chromosome 18; also referred to as edwards syndrome

trisomy 18

chromosomal aberration in which there is a third chromosome 21; also referred to as down syndrome

trisomy 21

a systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs

tuberous sclerosis

a chromosomal aberration where one sex chromosome is absent; may also be referred to as monosomy X

turner syndrome

an opening within the septum that separates the right and left ventricles

ventricular septal defect