APSC 1464 study flashcards

colt

young male horse 

mare

mature female horse

foaling

the act of a horse giving birth

pony

a small breed horse, 90 lbs when they’re born, 300 lbs while weaning, and 700 lbs when fully grown 

hand

unit of measurement for horses, equivalent to 4 inches

trot

diagonal 2 beat gait

colic

abdominal pain experienced by horses

foal

young baby horse 

stallion

intact male horse

herd

group of horses

draft horses

a large and heavy breed that is tall and muscular

withers

the ridge between the shoulder bones of a horse

canter

3 beat gait

filly

young female horse

gelding

castrated male horse

light horse

a horse that has a lighter build and weight

warmblood

a horse cross bred with a “hot blooded” breed that is very athletic and energetic, with a “cold blooded” draft horse that is calm and strong

walk

slowest gait, 4 beats

gallop

fastest gait, 4 beats

horse genus

equus

bovine

term relating to cattle or affecting cattle

cow

female cattle who has given birth in the past

calving

when a cow is giving birth

maternal breed

cow that is good at mothering and is in charge of raising offspring and producing milk 

calf

young male or female bovine under 1 year

bull

uncastrated male cattle

beef

meat from cattle

terminal breed

a breed that is good at growing, has good feed efficiency, and carcass yield

heifer

female cattle that has not given birth yet (usually under 2 years old)

steer

castrated male cattle

herd

group of cattle

dual purpose breed

breed that has both good maternal instincts and has terminal characteristics

calf crop percentage

number of calves produced per 100 cows in the breeding herd

grain finished beef

cattle that spends most of its life on pasture and 4-6 months at feedlot

cattle gestation

10 months or 283 days

ruminant

term used to describe the 4 compartments within the stomach of cattle, allows for fermentation of forage within their stomach 

castrate

to remove the testicles of a bull

yardage

the total non feed costs per head per day for maintaining cattle in confined spaces during feeding periods like winter

certified organic beef

cattle that has never received hormones or antibiotics and is only fed grass

grass fed beef

animals that spend their whole life eating grass or forage

parturition (calving)

the action of a cow giving birth

intensive housing

high labor housing on a smaller area of land, farm regularly sees the animals and it is often indoor so it is climate controlled 

stocker

housing on a pasture with wheat fields

naturally raised/never ever

cattle that has never received hormones or antibiotics but their feed isn’t limited to organically sourced food (they’re cheaper to feed)

estrus

reoccurring period when a bovine is in heat and is most fertile

freemartin

a female bovine that was born with a twin brother, this means she is not fertile and has more male hormones than female ones

extensive housing

housing that is outdoor on a large area of land, animals harvest their own feed so this requires less labor and animals are seen less frequently 

seedstock

specialized cow/calf system where offspring are developed to breeding age and provide their genetics for commercial producers, they are often advertised on magazines or show rings

head

a way to count the about of cattle, a small head is 500-1000 and a large head is 30,000-100,000

cattle genus

bos

swine birth weight

stage where swine is 2-5 lbs

swine weaning weight and age

stage where swine is 10-12 lbs at 3-4 weeks old

swine mature weight

stage where swine male is 500-800 lbs and female 400-700 lbs 

swine slaughter weight

stage where swine is 200-300 lbs

swine weaning age

stage where swine is 2-6 weeks

swine breeding age

stage where swine is 6-8 months

swine birth season

usually spring and fall

swine gestation

112-118 days (3 months 3 weeks, 3 days)

Swine estrous cycle (period)

19-21 days

swine duration of estrus (heat)

2-3 days

swine litter size

7-15 piglets

boar

intact male hog 

barrow

castrated male hog

farrowing

the act of swine giving birth

gilt

female pig that hasn’t given birth yet

sow

female pig that has given birth in the past

piglet

baby pig

nursery pig

a piglet that has stopped weaning is called this for 6-8 weeks

grower pig

a pig thats 9-17 weeks old after weaning

finishing pig 

a pig thats 18-24 weeks old after weaing

pork

meat from pigs

boar

intact male hog

barrow

castrated male hog

pig

swine under 6 months

swine market weight 

260-300 lbs 

replacement gilts

female pig picked to replace another female pig for the breeding herd

Ewe

female sheep

Ram

intact male sheep

Wether

castrated male sheep

Lamb

sheep under 1-year of age

Flock

group of sheep

Wool

the fibers that grow from the skin of sheep

Fleece

The wool shorn from all parts of the sheep at one time

Parasite

an organism that lives at the expense of its host organism

Anthelminitic

A drug or chemical agent used to kill or remove internal parasites; "dewormer"

Drench

to give fluid orally

Crutching

removal of wool around the vulva and udder of the sheep for hygiene purposes

Jug

small pen in which an ewe and her lamb(s) are kept after lambing to promote bonding and ensure lambs have a good start

Dock

1) to remove the tail; 2) the remaining portion of the tail of a sheep after docking; 3) to reduce or lower in value