medical terminology ch1

aden/o

Gland.

arthr/o

Joint.

bi/o

Life.

carcin/o

Cancerous tumor.

cardi/o

Heart.

cephal/o

Head.

cerebr/o

Cerebrum.

cis/o

To cut.

crin/o

To secrete.

cyst/o

Urinary bladder.

cyt/o

Cell.

dermat/o

Skin.

electr/o

Electricity.

encephal/o

Brain.

enter/o

Intestines.

erythr/o

Red.

gastr/o

Stomach.

glyc/o

Sugar.

gnos/o

Knowledge.

gynec/o

Woman, female.

hemat/o

Blood.

hepat/o

Liver.

iatr/o

Treatment.

leuk/o

White.

nephr/o

Kidney.

neur/o

Nerve.

onc/o

Cancerous tumor.

ophthalm/o

Eye.

oste/o

Bone.

path/o

Disease.

ped/o

Child.

ren/o

Kidney (Latin).

sarc/o

Flesh (connective tissue).

-itis

Inflammation.

-oma

Tumor, mass, swelling.

-ectomy

Excision, removal.

-tomy

Process of cutting/incision.

-logy

Process of study.

-osis

Abnormal condition.

-emia

Blood condition.

-pathy

Disease condition.

-scopy

Process of visual examination.

-scope

Instrument for visual examination.

-ist

Specialist.

-ic

Pertaining to.

-al

Pertaining to.

-ac

Pertaining to.

a-, an-

No, not, without.

auto-

Self, own.

dia-

Complete, through.

endo-

Within.

epi-

Above, upon.

ex-, exo-

Out, outside of.

hyper-

Excessive, above normal.

hypo-

Deficient, below normal.

peri-

Surrounding, around.

pro-

Before, forward.

re-

Back, again.

retro-

Behind.

sub-

Below, under.

trans-

Across, through.

ilium

Part of hip bone.

ileum

Part of small intestine.

ureter

Tube from kidney to bladder.

urethra

Tube from bladder to outside of body.

carcinoma

Cancer that grows from skin/lining cells.

sarcoma

Flesh (ct cancer) cancer that grows from muscle, bone, or fat.

cell

Smallest unit; has a cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and organelles.

tissue

Group of cells working together for a specific job.

organ

Different tissue types combined.

system

Organs working together for a complex function.

anabolism

Building up protein from amino acids.

catabolism

Breaking down nutrients for energy.

metabolism

Includes anabolism + catabolism.

cell membrane

surrounds and protects the cell; regulate what passes in and out of the

nucleus

control center; directs cell division and determines cell structure/function

chromosomes

rod-shaped stuctures in the nucleus; 46 (23 pairs) per cell, except the egg/sperm cell which is only 23 each

genes

regions of DNA chromosomes

dna

the coded recipe that directs cells activity

cytoplasm

material outside of the nucleus, inside the membrane; does the cells work

mitochondria

power plans of the cell - catabolism happens here, releasing energy

endoplasmic reticulum/ribosomes

network of canals + attached granules that build proteins (aka anabolism)

what are the 4 types of cells

epithelial, muscle, connective, nerve

epithelial cells

forms linings of organs and outer surface of skin. lines glands and is responsible for their secretions

muscle cells (3 types)

voluntary (arms, legs concious control), involuntary (heart, digestive organs) and cardiac (heart only)

connective cells

adipose (fat), cartilage, bone, and blood - supports and connects other tissues

nerve cells

conducts electrical impulses. found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves throughout the body

digestive system includes

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

urinary (excretory) system includes

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

respiratory system includes

nose, pharynx, larynx,, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

female reproductive system includes

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

male reproductive system includes

testes, urethra, penis, prostate

endocrine system includes

thyroid, pituitary, ovaries/testes, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid

nervous system

brain, spinal cord, nerves

circulatory system

heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels/nodes, spleen, thymus (sits in front of the heart)

musculoskeletal systems

muscles, bones, joints

skin and sense organs

skin, hair, nails, sweat/sebaceous glands, eyes, ears, nose, tongue

dorsal means

posterior

ventral means

anterior (in front of)

names the dorsal cavities

cranial and spinal cavity