Aldehydes and Ketones

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9 Terms

1
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What is the functional group of an aldehyde/ ketone?

A carbonyl group (C-O double bond)

2
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How are aldehydes commonly formed?

Oxidation of primary alcohols

3
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How are ketones commonly formed?

Oxidation of secondary alcohols

4
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Describe how to test for an aldehyde.

Add tollens reagent and heat in a water baths for 10 minutes

If an aldehyde is present, a silver mirror is formed

5
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State the reducing agent used to form alcohols from aldehydes and ketones.

NaBH4

6
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State the name of the mechanism used to reduce aldehydes and ketones.

Nucleophilic addition

7
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What condition is required for nucleophilic addition?

Aqueous

8
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Describe the process of nucleophilic addition.

  1. The H- ion is attracted to the delta positive carbon

  2. The electrons in the C-O double bond move to the O and it becomes negative

  3. The H+ ion in the water is attracted to the lone pair of electrons on the O forming the alcohol

9
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How are hydroxynitriles formed?

Nucleophilic addition with a cyanide ion