The Essential 100 Historical Questions of Pakistan

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the key people, dates, and events in the history of Pakistan from 1857 to 1949.

War of Independence ($1857$)

The year in which the first major armed struggle against British rule took place in India.

Aligarh Movement

The socio-educational movement started by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan for the empowerment of Muslims.

Scientific Society ($1864$)

An association established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to translate Western scientific works into Urdu.

Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental (MAO) High School ($1875$)

The educational institution founded by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan that eventually became a university.

Urdu-Hindi Controversy ($1867$)

An ethnic and linguistic conflict that began in Banaras regarding the official language status.

Indian National Congress ($1885$)

A political organization formed in $1885$ to represent Indian interests, with Allan Octavian (A.O.) Hume playing a key role.

Durand Line Agreement ($1893$)

The agreement signed to demarcate the boundary between British India and Afghanistan.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

The leader of the Aligarh Movement and author of 'Asar-us-Sanadid' who passed away in $1898$.

Partition of Bengal ($1905$)

A territorial reorganization undertaken by Lord Curzon which led to the Swadeshi Movement by Hindus.

Sindh Madressatul Islam

A prominent educational institution in Karachi founded by Hassan Ali Effendi.

Annulment of Partition of Bengal ($1911$)

The year the British government reversed the partition of Bengal and shifted the Indian capital from Calcutta to Delhi.

Simla Deputation (October $1$, $1906$)

A meeting between Muslim leaders, led by Sir Aga Khan III, and Viceroy Lord Minto to demand political rights.

All India Muslim League (AIML) ($1906$)

A political party established on December $30$, $1906$ in Dhaka (Dacca), proposed by Nawab Salimullah Khan.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah

The primary leader of the Muslim League who joined the party in $1913$ and served as Pakistan's first Governor-General.

Lucknow Pact ($1916$)

A landmark agreement where the Indian National Congress accepted Separate Electorates for Muslims.

Rowlatt Act ($1919$)

A restrictive legislation that came into force in $1919$, the same year as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre on April $13$.

Khilafat Movement

A pan-Islamic movement launched in India by the Ali Brothers, Maulana Muhammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali.

Non-cooperation Movement ($1920$)

A campaign launched by Mahatma Gandhi that ended in $1922$ due to the Chauri Chaura incident.

Simon Commission ($1928$)

A British commission boycotted by Indian leaders because it contained no Indian members.

Nehru Report ($1928$)

A constitutional report drafted by Motilal Nehru to which Jinnah responded with his Fourteen Points.

Fourteen Points ($1929$)

A list of political demands presented by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah in response to the Nehru Report.

Khaksar Movement

A social movement established by Allama Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi.

Allahabad Address ($1930$)

A historic presidential address by Allama Iqbal proposing a separate independent state for Muslims in the Northwest.

Round Table Conferences ($1930$–$1932$)

A series of three meetings in London chaired by British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald to discuss Indian constitutional reforms.

Choudhry Rahmat Ali

The person who coined the name 'Pakistan' in his historic pamphlet 'Now or Never' ($1933$).

Government of India Act $1935$

Legislation under which provincial elections were held in $1937$, leading to $27$ months of Congress Ministry rule.

Pirpur Report ($1938$)

A document prepared by Raja Syed Mehdi to document atrocities committed under the Congress Ministries.

Day of Deliverance (December $22$, $1939$)

The day celebrated by Muslims following the resignation of the Congress Ministries.

Lahore Resolution (March $23$, $1940$)

Also known as the Pakistan Resolution, it was presented by AK Fazlul Huq at Minto Park and drafted by Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan.

Cripps Mission ($1942$)

A failed delegation led by Sir Stafford Cripps to seek Indian support for the British war effort.

Quit India Movement ($1942$)

A mass protest campaign launched by the Indian National Congress during World War II.

Jinnah-Gandhi Talks ($1944$)

Negotiations that failed because Gandhi refused to accept Muslims as a separate nation.

Cabinet Mission ($1946$)

A high-level mission consisting of Lord Pethick-Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps, and A.V. Alexander to discuss Indian independence.

Direct Action Day (August $16$, $1946$)

A day of protest observed by the Muslim League which resulted in severe communal riots in Calcutta.

Liaquat Ali Khan

The Finance Minister in the $1946$ Interim Government and the first Prime Minister of Pakistan.

Mountbatten Plan (June $3$, $1947$)

The final plan announced by Viceroy Lord Louis Mountbatten to partition British India into two sovereign states.

Radcliffe Commission

The commission headed by Sir Cyril Radcliffe to demarcate the boundaries between Pakistan and India.

Indian Independence Act (July $18$, $1947$)

The legislation passed by the British Parliament finalizing the freedom and partition of the subcontinent.

Objectives Resolution (March $12$, $1949$)

A historic document presented by Liaquat Ali Khan defining the ideological foundations of Pakistan's constitution.

National Symbols of Pakistan

Includes the National Flag (designed by Ameer-ud-din Kidwai) and the National Anthem (lyrics by Hafeez Jalandhari, music by Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla).