The Hindbrain / Rhombencephalon

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<p>Major components of Hindbrain</p>

Major components of Hindbrain

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<ul><li><p>Cerebellum </p></li><li><p>Medulla Oblongata</p></li><li><p>Pons </p></li><li><p>Fourth Ventricle - filled with CSF </p></li></ul><p></p>

  • Cerebellum

  • Medulla Oblongata

  • Pons

  • Fourth Ventricle - filled with CSF

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Medulla

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  • Functions :

    • regulation of INVOLUNTARY processes

      — generate breathing rhythm

      — regulate heart rate frequency

      — regulate blood pressure

      — regulate gag reflex / vomiting

      — regulate cough reflex

  • contains caudal (back) region of Reticular Formation

  • contains nuclei for Cranial Nerves

  • medulla receives sensory info —> sends to cerebellum —> processes info & help you coordinate movements

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Description and Tags

Cerebellum - Pons - Medulla

Neuroscience

neuroscience

neuroanatomy

nervous system

hindbrain

structure of brain

brain anatomy

medulla

pons

cerebellum

nerves

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<p>Major components of Hindbrain</p>

Major components of Hindbrain

  • Cerebellum

  • Medulla Oblongata

  • Pons

  • Fourth Ventricle - filled with CSF

<ul><li><p>Cerebellum </p></li><li><p>Medulla Oblongata</p></li><li><p>Pons </p></li><li><p>Fourth Ventricle - filled with CSF </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Medulla

  • Functions :

    • regulation of INVOLUNTARY processes

      — generate breathing rhythm

      — regulate heart rate frequency

      — regulate blood pressure

      — regulate gag reflex / vomiting

      — regulate cough reflex

  • contains caudal (back) region of Reticular Formation

  • contains nuclei for Cranial Nerves

  • medulla receives sensory info —> sends to cerebellum —> processes info & help you coordinate movements

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Reticular Formation

  • Functions :

    • regulate sleep / wake cycle / circadian cycle

    • coordinate heart rate

    • motor coordination

      — stabilize posture during VOLUNTARY movement

  • LONGGG network of interconnected nuclei

  • go through medulla, pons, midbrain => brainstem

  • contains Raphe Nuclei

<ul><li><p><strong>Functions</strong> :</p><ul><li><p>regulate sleep / wake cycle / circadian cycle</p></li><li><p>coordinate heart rate</p></li><li><p>motor coordination</p><p>— stabilize posture during VOLUNTARY movement</p></li></ul></li><li><p>LONGGG network of interconnected nuclei</p></li><li><p>go through medulla, pons, midbrain =&gt; <u>brainstem</u></p></li><li><p>contains <strong>Raphe Nuclei</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Raphe Nuclei

  • Function :

    • produce serotonin

      — affect

      → regulate mood

      → emotions

      → perception of pain

      → response to stress

<ul><li><p><strong>Function </strong>: </p><ul><li><p>produce serotonin</p><p>— affect </p><p>→ regulate mood </p><p>→ emotions </p><p>→ perception of pain </p><p>→ response to stress </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Cranial Nerves

  • nerves originated from the brain

  • Types of Cranial Nerves :

    • Afferent Nerves

      — sends signals from sensory structures TOWARDS CNS

    • Efferent Nerves

      — sends signals AWAY from CNS to target tissues (ex: muscles)

    • Mixed Nerves

      — some afferent & some efferent

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Pons

  • Functions :

    • regulate breathing

    • regulate sleep / wake cycles

  • contains Locus Coeruleus (LC)

  • contains nuclei for Cranial Nerves

  • contains part of Reticular Formation

    Location where FIbre Tracts pass through & axons from both sides of brain cross

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Locus Coeruleus

  • Nucleus that produces Norepinephrine (a neurotransmitter)

  • responsible for

    • mental awakeness / being aware

    • attention

    • memory

    • stress response

<ul><li><p>Nucleus that produces Norepinephrine (a neurotransmitter) </p></li><li><p>responsible for </p><ul><li><p>mental awakeness / being aware </p></li><li><p>attention </p></li><li><p>memory </p></li><li><p>stress response </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Cerebellum

  • Functions :

    • regulate motor movement, balance and coordination

    • procedural memories / long term memory to remember skills (ex: riding bike, playing piano) —> important for certain types of learning

    • shifting attention between auditory & visual stimuli

  • Extensively folded

    • an outer Cerebellar Cortex of grey matter

    • white matter in the surrounding

<ul><li><p><strong>Functions </strong>: </p><ul><li><p>regulate motor movement, balance and coordination </p></li><li><p>procedural memories / long term memory to remember skills (ex: riding bike, playing piano) —&gt; important for certain types of learning </p></li><li><p>shifting attention between auditory &amp; visual stimuli </p></li></ul></li><li><p>Extensively <u>folded</u> </p><ul><li><p>an outer Cerebellar Cortex of grey matter </p></li><li><p>white matter in the surrounding</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>