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42 Terms
1
Preaustralopiths such as __________ __existed__ __ __to__ _______ __years ago. Their brain size was like that of a__ ____________. Like humans, they had a__ ____ _______ __foramen magnum. Also like humans, they had__ ______ facing iliac blades. However, unlike humans, they had an _____ __big__ _____, with__ ___ sized canines
Australopiths such as ________ ____________ __(the most famous of these was__ ______, discovered in Ethiopia) had__ short, ______ __oriented iliac blades and a knee angled__ __*body (humans knees are angled towards the ________ of the body). However, they had a ______ sized brain, and _______ sized canines and a _________ jaw*__
Later, more derived Austraopths, such as those discovered by the ______ __in__ _______,__ ___ __Tanzania, include__ __ _______. They__ _____ __off__ ____ __and (did/did not) lead to modern humans. Their characteristics included a__ ____ _____, which indicates a very (weak/strong) jaw. They had__ ___ __front teeth with__ ___ __back teeth and their__ pelvis (was/was not) modified for
Leakeys, Olduwai George, P. Boise, died, did not, saggital crest, strong, small, large, was
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4
Where were Homo habilis discovered
Kenya
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5
Features of homo Habilis include _____ __brain,__ __*molars, more*__ _______ forehead, ______ prognathic face. Their ________ bones indicate ______ grip, and their _________ is in line with ______ toes, indicating _______ . Their nonhuman characteristics include, _______ _____, ______ forehead, ______ torus, ____ chine__
larger, smaller, vertical, less, finger, precision, big toe, other, bipedalism, saggital keel, sloping, supraorbital torus, no
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6
Where was homo habilis first discovered? Where did in spread to?
Java, Africa, Europe, Asia
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7
Discovered in the _____ __cave in China, the__ __ __man was a__ ________. Aged to be about __________ years old__
Zhoukoudian, Peking, homo erectus, 230,000
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8
__________, discovered in__ ____, is a__ __ __specimen. It has a__ ___ __oriented pelvis and an__ _____ __knee and longer (legs/arms) than (legs/arms). Possible death is attributed to ______ _______
Homo Erectus key traits include an avg cranial capacity of _________ __cc with__ ______ __cranial bone and possession of a__ ____, a__ _______- forehead,__ ___ __torus (no browridge), no__ _____.
900, thick, saggital keel, sloping, nuchal, chin
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10
Where was homoerectus found in Asia?
Trinil/Java
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11
Why is their debate about whether the homo erectus found in Africa is homo erectus or homo dragster?
lack of saggital keel
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12
What are the dates for homo nailidi
236-414,000 ya
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13
Homo naledi are associated with ___ __used for__ ___
caves, burials
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14
Homo Floresnsis and luzonensis both exhibit symptoms of
island dwarfism
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15
Speech is indicated in homo erectus by the _____ ______ __in the__ _____ __area. However, the small__ __ __foramen indicates that they lacked__ ____ _________ for speech.
correlative depression, Broca’s, neural, adequate breath control
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16
Homo erectus likely went extinct due to _______ ______
climate change.
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17
Prominent features of Homo heidelbergensis include average cranial capacity of ______, a__ ______ __cranial bone,__ ____ _______ __(two words, think jaw), a__ ______ __forehead (unlike human),__ _______ __, and (present/absent) chin.__
900 cc, thick, saggital keel, sloping, supraorbital torus, present
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18
Evidence of defleshing marks on what bone are present of Homo heidelbergenis? This is thought to indicate ____ ___ ____ (three words).
zygomatic bone, early ritual behavior
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19
The specimen found in Araga Cave of ______ ___ __has__ ___ _______ __browrdige and a cranial capacity of__ ___ __cc and is__ ______ ________ years old.
Homo heidelbergensis, very large, 1100
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20
The specimen Steinheim was found in _________,__ _______ __years ago and has a (thick/thin) cranial bone with (present/absent) nuchal torus. The widest part of the skull was ______ ________ and its cranial capacity was _________.__
Germany, 250,0000, thick, present, high up, 1140 cc
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21
The specimen _________, found in Atpuerca, Spain, is__ _______ __years old, and shows evidence for Spain’s oldest__ _____ ________. Specifically,__ it __shows mid facial prognathism, strongkly arched brow ridges, like a__ ____________.
China, 200,000 years old, large, thin, broad, prominent, shovel shaped
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23
The Levallois technique __is associated with ___________ and involves _______ across the top, __________ years ago.__
Homo heildelberginsis, flaking, 200,0000
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24
Evidence for hunting for Homo heidelbergensis has Benn found in the ________ __ __spears, which are__ _______ __years old from__ _________, and from__ _________, England,__ _____ __years ago. This specimen includes__ _____ __(kind of animal bone) with a wound from a__ ____________.
Trades shared between human erectus and neanderthals include _____ __forehead,__ ________ skulls, _________ brow ridges, and ______ chin. Trains unique to Neanderthals include _______ brow ridges, ______ space, ______ bun, and ________ prognathism.__
sloping, long low, large, no, curved, retro molar, occipital, midfacial
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26
Further neanderthal traits include _______ __larger than humans, a__ ____ __nasal aperture,__ ___ __joint surfaces,__ _____ __muscle attachments,__ ____ __hips and chest, and _______- distal extremities.__
cranial capital, very large, large, strong, broad, short
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27
What does Allen’s rule state?
Cold climates, shorter extremities than warmer climates
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28
Krapina, ____ __years ago in__ ____, is considered to be among the oldest specimens with__ ______ features.
130,000, Croatia, Neanderthal
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29
What is significant about Gorham’s cave (which is located in?) with respect to Neanderthals?
Gibraltar spain, provides evidence of Neanderthal survival up to 28000 years ago.
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30
Kebera 2, a _______,__ _____ __years old in_________, was fully__ ___ __and shows clear evidence of__ _______.
neanderthal, Israel, 60,000, bipedal, burial
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31
Shanidar 4 found in _______,__ _____ __years ago, shows clear evidence of__ __ __with__ _______.
Iraq, 60,000-70,000, burial, flowers
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32
What is significant of Shanidar 1? What is this thought to indicate about Neanderthals?
Old w/ humerus/eye injuries; evidence of altruistic behavior
120,000, France, neanderthal cannabilsm, hypoplasia, cannibalism, interproximal
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34
Umm el Tel (in __) produced evidence of used to help a stone tool, part of__ ____ __technology. Also evidence of a__ _____ in vertebra of donkey.
Syria, hafted tools, Mousterian, spear point
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35
The surest evidence of Neanderthal art is ___ __in Iberia,__ ___ __years ago,__ ___ __before humans, and jewelry in the__ ______ __,__ _______ years ago.
cave art, 64.8 kya, 20K, Arrey Sur Cave, 44K
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36
What evidence of speech in neanderthals is there? What other anatomical evidence indicates that they have adequate breath control for speech?
hyoid bone like humans, thoracic vertebra like humans
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37
What sure support is there for the Out of Africa hypothesis? What is the more tenuous support?
first Homo sapiens in Africa, intermediates only in Africa, first Homo sapiens look Africa.
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38
The oldest known anatomically human was what? Where was it found? How old was it?
Omo I, Ethiopia, 200,000 ya
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39
Although intermediates are found mostly in _______, they are also found in__ __*, such as Amud I, a*__ ________ from ______, that is _____ years old.__
Africa, Israel, neanderthal, Israel, 70,000
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40
The first anatomically modern humans in Europe were found in _________,__ ____ __years ago. This has been called__ ________ __love child because it has__ ____ __body proportions with a__ _______.