LCCW Regional Anatomy III (Lecture) Final (McBride)

1. Which of the following statements is true?

a. The heart is located in the anterior mediastinum

b. The thymus gland is located in the posterior mediastinum

c. The pericardium is located in the middle mediastinum

d. The posterior mediastinum is bound inferiorly at T5

c. The pericardium is located in the middle mediastinum

2. The diaphragm:

a. Flattens with inspiration

b. Receives innervation from the vagus nerve

c. Attaches anteriorly at T4

d. Dome is higher on the right side

A. Flattens with inspiration

3. The inferior vena cava:

a. Empties into the left atrium

b. Returns venous blood from the upper extremities

c. Receives a venous tributary from the right gonadal vein

d. Is formed from the confluence of the right and left internal iliac vein

C. Receives a venous tributary from the right gonadal vein

4. The brachiocephalic arterial trunk:

a. Bifurcates into the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries

b. Is located in the superior mediastinum

c. Is the 2nd branch off the arch of the aorta

d. Originates at T8 level

b. Is located in the superior mediastinum

5. Regarding the superior vena cava, which of the following is incorrect? The SVC:

a. Enters (drains into) the right atrium

b. Drains venous blood from the upper extremities

c. Pierces the central tendon of the diaphragm at T8

d. Receives a tributary (drainage) from the right adrenal vein

d. Receives a tributary (drainage) from the right adrenal vein

6. The superior thoracic inlet (aperture) is bounded:

a. Laterally by the xyphoid process

b. Posteriorly by T12 vertebrae

c. Anteriorly by the costal cartilage of the 3rd rib

d. Anteriorly by the sternal manubrium/notch

d. Anteriorly by the sternal manubrium/notch

7. The descending thoracic aorta does not:

a. Give rise to the inferior phrenic arteries

b. Give rise to the internal thoracic artery

c. Give rise to multilevel anterior intercostal arteries

d. Give rise to foregut circulation

b. Give rise to the internal thoracic artery

8. The phrenic nerve does not:

a. Refers pain to C3, C4, C5 sensory levels

b. Innervates the myocardium

c. Have motor and sensory fibers

d. Terminate in the lumbar plexus

b. Innervates the myocardium

9. Regarding the coronary circulation, which of the following statements is incorrect? Coronary blood supply:

a. Is right dominate in most people

b. To the sinoatrial (SA) node originates from the left coronary artery in most people

c. To most of the left ventricle originates from the right coronary artery

d. Is most destructive or lethal when obstruction/blockage occurs in the distally

b. To the sinoatrial (SA) node originates from the left coronary artery in most people

10. Normal closure of the tricuspid valve is auscultated and recorded as:

a. S1

b. S2

c. S3

d. S4

a. S1

11. The lungs do not have:

a. Diaphragmatic impressions bilaterally

b. A horizontal fissure on the right

c. A lingua on the left

d. A descending aortic impression on the right side

d. A descending aortic impression on the right side

12. Contents at the root of the lung do not include:

a. Bronchi

b. Lymphatics

c. Pulmonary veins

d. Phrenic nerve

d. Phrenic nerve

13. Which of the following statements is incorrect? The pulmonary veins:

a. Contain higher oxygen content/ oxygen partial pressure than all other veins

b. Drain into the left atrium

c. Receives blood ejected from the right ventricle

d. Are four in number

c. Receives blood ejected from the right ventricle

14. The trachea:

a. Has cartilaginous rings circumferentially

b. Is referred to as the carina at the cricoid cartilage

c. Is a potential space in the resting state

d. Is located anterior to the descending thoracic aorta

d. Is located anterior to the descending thoracic aorta

15. The heart and great vessels have:

a. 2 chambers and 4 valves

b. 4 chambers and 4 valves

c. 2 chambers and 2 valves

d. 4 chambers and 2 valves

b. 4 chambers and 4 valves

16. The cardiopulmonary circulation (one cardiac cycle) includes all of the following except:

a. Ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta

b. Reception of blood from the lower extremities into the IVC

c. Ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the pulmonary veins

d. Ejection of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle

c. Ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the pulmonary veins

17. The aortic valve:

a. Is best auscultated in the left second intercostal space

b. Has chordae tendinae to assist in valve opening and closure

c. Produces the S2 heart sound

d. Incompetence or aortic regurgitation creates a systolic murmer

c. Produces the S2 heart sound

18. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Tricuspid regurgitation:

a. Can be auscultated as a diastolic murmur

b. Creates hemodynamic compromise

c. Is auscultated best at the left 4th intercostal space

d. Involves the left atrioventricular valve

c. Is auscultated best at the left 4th intercostal space

19. Which of the following statements is correct?

Coronary blood flow:

a. Increases during diastole

b. Is influenced by changes in heart rate

c. Increases with increased myocardial demand from exercise

d. Decreases from local metabolic byproducts and nitrous oxide

a. Increases during diastole

20. The kidney:

a. Is intraperitoneal in location

b. Drains urine from the renal pelvis into the urethra

c. Receives arterial supply from the renal arteries that arise from the abdominal aorta

d. Drains venous blood into the portal venous system

c. Receives arterial supply from the renal arteries that arise from the abdominal aorta

21. Which of the following organs are not partially or completely retroperitoneal in location?

a. Aorta

b. Inferior vena cava

c. Appendix

d. Ascending colon

c. Appendix

22. The kidney:

a. Pyramid drains urine directly into the minor calyx at the papilla

b. Is devoid of supporting adipose tissue

c. Resides in the true pelvic cavity

d. Neurons are their smallest functional units

a. Pyramid drains urine directly into the minor calyx at the papilla

23. The ureter (s):

a. Being at the end of the major calyx

b. Is most narrow at the bladder junction

c. Crosses the aorta to enter the pelvis

d. Peristalsis is under somatic innervation

b. Is most narrow at the bladder junction

24. The bladder:

a. Trigone contains skeletal muscle

b. Maintains the same luminal diameter throughout its course

c. Maintains a connection to the umbilicus through an embryologic structure called the urachus that is visible as the median umbilical fold

d. Has bulbourethral glands embedded on its posterior surface

c. Maintains a connection to the umbilicus through an embryologic structure called the urachus that is visible as the median umbilical fold

25. The adrenal gland:

a. Sits at the lower pole of the kidney

b. Medulla is equivalent to sympathetic ganglia

c. Has a single arterial source

d. Produces insulin

b. Medulla is equivalent to sympathetic ganglia

26. The right suprarenal gland:

a. Drains venous blood directly into the portal vein

b. Receives arterial supply direct from the celiac trunk

c. Drains venous blood directly into the vena cava

d. Has 3 major venous drainage channels on each side

c. Drains venous blood directly into the vena cava

27. Which of the following is not true regarding abdominal arterial circulation?

a. The splenic artery arises from the celiac trunk

b. The middle adrenal (suprarenal) artery arises from the superior phrenic artery

c. The gonadal vessels arise from the abdominal aorta

d. The left gastric artery arises from the celiac trunk

b. The middle adrenal (suprarenal) artery arises from the superior phrenic artery

28. Which of the following is true regarding venous circulation/drainage in the abdomen?

a. Blood from the sigmoid colon drains into the inferior vena cava

b. The superior rectal artery drains into the systemic circulation

c. The left gonadal vein drains into the left renal vein

d. The renal veins drain into the portal vein

c. The left gonadal vein drains into the left renal vein

29. The common iliac arteries:

a. Bifurcate into internal and external iliac arteries bilaterally

b. Are crossed at the pelvic brim by the vas deferens

c. Bifurcate at L2

d. Become the femoral artery after passing under the inguinal ligament

a. Bifurcate into internal and external iliac arteries bilaterally

30. Branches from the internal iliac arteries include all of the following except:

a. Median sacral artery

b. Vesical

c. Pudendal

d. Vaginal

a. Median sacral artery

31. Which of the following statements is incorrect? The lymphatics:

a. Drain extracellular fluid from intercellular/interstitial space

b. Coalesces at the cisterna chili

c. Drains into the venous system by way of the thoracic duct

d. Carry oxygen carrying red blood cells

d. Carry oxygen carrying red blood cells

32. The tonsils and the _______ are part of the lymphatic system

a. Thymus

b. Kidneys

c. Heart

d. Adrenals

a. Thymus

33. The lesser sac does not include:

a. Duodenum

b. The portal vein

c. The celiac trunk

d. The pancreas

a. Duodenum

34. The sigmoid colon is located in the:

a. Right upper quadrant

b. Right lower quadrant

c. Left upper quadrant

d. Left lower quadrant

d. Left lower quadrant

35. The genitofemoral nerve:

a. Is derived from nerve root S2-S4

b. Passes under the inguinal canal to innervate the scrotal skin

c. Is motor/somatic only

d. Is otherwise known as the pudendal nerve

b. Passes under the inguinal canal to innervate the scrotal skin

36. When evaluating the sensory innervation of the anterior abdominal wall, what dermatome level is the umbilicus?

a. T6

b. T8

c. T10

d. T12

c. T10

37. Which of the following statements is incorrect? The spermatic cord:

a. Panpiniform plexus serves as a heat exchange mechanism

b. Has coverings from the external oblique muscle fibers

c. Transmits the vas deferens

d. Transmits the ilioinguinal nerve

b. Has coverings from the external oblique muscle fibers

38. Regarding the bony pelvis, which of the following is incorrect?

a. The arcuate line in part defines the pelvic inlet

b. It has true and false divisions

c. It has differences between genders

d. The iliac ala define the inlet of the true pelvis

d. The iliac ala define the inlet of the true pelvis

39. The pelvic outlet is also referred to as all of the following except:

a. Pelvic diaphragm

b. Urogenital diaphragm

c. Perineum

d. Pelvic floor/bowl

b. Urogenital diaphragm

40. The pelvic outlet is defined by all of the following structures except:

a. Arcuate line

b. Pubic symphysis

c. Coccyx

d. Ischial tuberosities

a. Arcuate line

41. The pelvic cavity:

a. Anterior wall is longer than the posterior wall

b. Posterior border is defined by the symphysis pubis

c. Anterior wall/ border is the sacrum, coccyx, and pyriformis muscle

d. Inferior wall/ border is the levator ani muscle

d. Inferior wall/ border is the levator ani muscle

42. Which of the following muscles is not a part of the group of muscles known as the pelvic diaphragm (floor)?

a. Puborectalis

b. Pubococcygeus

c. Puboiliacus

d. Iliococcygeus

c. Puboiliacus

43. All of the following are branches of the internal iliac artery except:

a. Gonadal

b. Pudendal

c. Obturator

d. Inferior rectal

a. Gonadal

44. Seminal vesicles are related:

a. Laterally to the rectum

b. To the vas deferens by their joining to form the ejaculatory ducts

c. To the apex of the bladder

d. Posteriorly to the uterus

b. To the vas deferens by their joining to form the ejaculatory ducts

45. The uterine tube (fallopian tube):

a. Is the location of some ectopic pregnancies

b. Has no communication with the abdominal cavity

c. Is most narrow at the ampulla

d. Is enveloped in the suspensory ligament

a. Is the location of some ectopic pregnancies

46. Which of the following statements is incorrect? The uterus:

a. Cervix is the lowermost or inferior part

b. Consists of smooth muscle

c. Sheds the endometrium each month with the menstrual cycle

d. Is the usual site for fertilization

d. Is the usual site for fertilization

47. Maturation of sperm occurs in the:

a. Seminiferous tubules

b. Vas deferens

c. Epididymis

d. Prostatic urethra

c. Epididymis

48. The middle colic artery is derived from the:

a. Aorta directly

b. Superior mesenteric artery

c. Inferior mesenteric artery

d. Celiac trunk

b. Superior mesenteric artery

49. Which of the following organs drains into the portal venous system?

a. Adrenal glands

b. Liver

c. Stomach

d. Gonads

c. Stomach

50. The left gastroepiploic artery arises from the:

a. Splenic artery

b. Right gastroepiploic artery

c. Hepatic proper artery

d. Gastroduodenal artery

a. Splenic artery

51. Where does the right and left gastric artery anastomose?

a. Greater curve of the stomach

b. Portal triad

c. Posterior to the neck of the pancreas

d. Lesser curve of the stomach

d. Lesser curve of the stomach

52. the fossa ovale:

a. Is located in the interatrial wall

b. Is part of the electrical conduction of the heart

c. Is the site of the superior vena cava opening

d. Creates a right to left shunt if it remains open in adulthood

a. Is located in the interatrial wall

53. The posterior mediastinum contains all of the following structures except:

a. Aorta

b. Azygous vein

c. Thymus

d. Esophagus

c. Thymus

54. The azygos vein:

a. Drains into the IVC

b. Is an unpaired venous channel

c. Drains blood from the upper extremities

d. Is found on the left side of the vertebral column

b. Is an unpaired venous channel

55. Which of the following does not occur at T4 vertebral level?

a. End of the aortic arch

b. Vertebrae level of the angle of Louis

c. The level of the division between the superior and inferior mediastinum compartments

d. It is the level of the articulation of the 1st rib with the sternum

d. It is the level of the articulation of the 1st rib with the sternum

56. Which of the following structures is not located in the middle mediastinum?

a. Heart

b. Sympathetic chain

c. Root of aorta

d. Pericardium

b. Sympathetic chain

57. The descending thoracic aorta does not give rise to which of the following arteries?

a. Posterior intercostals

b. Internal thoracic

c. Esophageal

d. Diaphragm

b. Internal thoracic

58. Regarding the vagus nerve, which of the following is incorrect?

a. It carries visceral motor parasympathetic fibers to the thoracic viscera

b. It carries visceral sensory fibers from the thoracic viscera

c. It gives off bilateral recurrent nerves that innervate the larynx

d. It gives off a right recurrent branch that loops around the aortic arch to ascend in the neck.

d. It gives off a right recurrent branch that loops around the aortic arch to ascend in the neck.

59. The thoracic duct does not:

a. Being at the L1-L2 vertebral level

b. Receive intestinal lymphatic drainage

c. Collect interstitial fluid from lower limbs

d. Terminate at the internal jugular vein

d. Terminate at the internal jugular vein

60. Regarding the thoracic sympathetic trunk, which of the following is incorrect?

a. The thoracic splanchnic nerve terminates in the thorax

b. The greater splanchnic nerve originates from 5 to 9 ganglia

c. The lease splanchnic nerve is sometimes absent

d. The ganglions are connected to corresponding intercostal nerves

a. The thoracic splanchnic nerve terminates in the thorax

Capstone:

1. Metastases to brain

2. Alcohol consumption

3. Weight gain

4. Cancer of tail

5. All

6. Splenomegaly

7. The tumor is most likely

8. A diagnosis

9. Post-prandial cramping

10. Spleen