Conditional sentences: LESSON 10

come si forma il zero conditional e a cosa serve? esempio

zero conditional is used to express automatic or habitual results

its structure is:

SIMPLE PRESENT (or Simple Past) + SIMPLE PRESENT (or Simple Past)

es. If you are stressed your blood pressures rises.

when copper oxidizes, it becomes green

quali sono gli elementi che solitamente vengono messi nelle conditional sentences?

If e When

quando viene usato il first condtional e qual è la sua struttura? esempio

il first conditional è usato se una azione nella if-clause è probabile

SIMPLE PRESENT + WILL FUTURE

es. If you leave milk out of the fridge, it will go bad

e il second conditional? esempio

il second conditional è usato per esprimere un’azione irreale o improbabile

PAST SIMPLE(if clause)+PRESENT CONDITIONAL(main clause)

es. If I had enough money I would buy myself a necklace

es. If I were you, I wouldn’t do that

e il third conditional? esempio

Third conditional is used when the action in the if-clause did not take place (we use it to imagine a different past)

PAST PERFECT+PERFECT CONDITIONAL

es. If I had bought that car, I would have gone faster

se una if clause è al present continuous come diventa la main clause?

main clause→modal verb (Present)

es. If you are lookinng for your hat you’ll find it in the hall

se una if clause è al present perfect come diventa la main clause?

Imperative.

If you’ve finished writing the letter, I’ll post it for you

se la if clause è al past continuous come diventa la main clause?

Modal verb (Present conditional)

es. If they weren’t working we could go for an outing

e se la if clause è should+verb base form?

Present conditional continuous

SHOULD ACCENTUA IL GRADO DELL’IMPROBABILITA’

es. If you should decide to come, I’d be delighted

e se la if clause è were to?

Imperative

es. If Jack were to come back, what would you do?

WERE TO è SPESSO USATO PRIMA DI UN VERBO D’AZIONE E PER DARE UN CONSIGLIO

se la if clause è al Past Perfect continuous…

la main clause diventa al present conditional (Mixed conditional)

es. If you hadn’t been driving so fast the accident would never have occured

se la if clause è al modal verb…

la main clause sarà al perfect conditional continuous

es. He would have been a very good architect if he could have gone to university

Nel periodo ipotetico le frasi subordinate,oltre che da if,possono essere introdotte anche da:

Supposing (that),suppose (that),as/so long as (purchè, nella misura in cui),on condition that,providing, provided (that) (a patto che),unless+present or past simple (a meno che non)

es. Suppose that you left Italy, where would you go?

as you come with me, i go to the cinema

I would prefer to go in a sushi restaurant unless you are allergic/don’t like it

nelle frasi introdotte da seguenti congiunzioni, oltre che da when, si usa il Will future. V o F?

F.

Con queste congiunzioni NON si usa il Will future.

In linguaggio normale le frasi condizionali subordinate introdotte da if+subj+were,should e had possono essere costruite diversamente. In che modo?

invertendo soggetto/verbo ed eliminando if

es. Were you, I wouldn’t act like that

(=If i were you , i wouldn’t act like that)

entrambi le espressioni sono possibili.

es. had she taken more time to think, she would have acted differently

Quali sono le congiunzioni che introducono proposizioni temporali?

As soon as, as long as, till/until, when

es. I’ll call you as soon as I get to the station

es. I’ll stay as long as they need me

es. you will meet Jane when you finish to study

ANCHE QUESTE CONGIUNZIONI NON PERMETTONO IL WILL FUTURE NELLE FRASI INTRODOTTE DA ESSE.

both the structures ‘if you would’ and ‘if you will’ can be used. why? example

they can be used to make sentences more polite in specific contexts.

es. If you would take a seat, the manager will be with you shortly

es.If you will allow me a moment to explain, I think you’ll see why this is considered crucial

in which case do also be used if?

it is used to indicate our willingness to do something depend on the other person doing something too.

es. I’ll go on the rollercoaster if you will

We could use a simple first conditional in these sentences but with ‘if you will’ the phrase is more emphatic.