Chapter5 ( logical fallacies )🤠

Logical fallacies

is an argument that contains a mistake in reasoning

Logical fallacies has

2 main types

Fallacies of relevance

The evidence doesn’t connect to the conclusion

Fallacies of insufficient evidence

When evidence is too weak for supporting the conclusion

Statement can be relevant ot irrelevant to another by

3ways

Positively relevant

support the truth of a statement

Negatively relevant

Challenges or argues against the truth of a statement

Logically irrelevant

when 2 idea don’t connect with another

Fallacies of relevance has

Eleven types

Personal attack

Attack the person instead of their argument

Attacking the motive

Criticizing someone’s reason instead of their argument

Look who’s talking

Reject another argument because that person fail to do their speak

Two wrong make a right

Excusing bad behavior because other do it too

Scare tactics

Using fear to persuade another or to force agreement

Appeal to pity

Evoke feeling of pity from another instead of logical reasons

Bandwagon argument

Arguing something is correct because it’s popular

Straw man

Give a false idea of argument to make it sound easy to attack

Red herring

Introduce irrelevant information to distract from the main point

Equivocation

Use a word with 2 different meanings that confuse the argument

Begging the question

The conclusion that is assumed in the premises often repeating the point in different words