DSM-5-tr

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A group of disorders that present in early childhood; characterized by marked deficits in brain processing that result in impairments in social, personal, or academic performance

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Defecits in intellectual ability such as, reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience. Present during developmental period. (Severity Specefiers range from mild-profound).

Global Developmental Delay

A substitute diagnosis for intellectual developmental disorder for children under the age of 5 who meet the critera but the severity cannot be properly analized due to their age. Must be reassesed after a period of time.

Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder

A substitute diagnosis for intellectual developmental disorder for people over the age of 5 who for some reason can not be properly assesed. Used in rare and exeptional cases and must be reassesed after a period of time.

Communication Disorders

Conditions involving impairment in language, speech, and communication.

Language Disorder

Persistant difficulties with the aquisition and use of language (of all forms) including: Reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discorse.

Speech Sound Disorder

Persistant difficulty in articulating phonemes that causes interference with social participation, academic achievment, or occupational performance.

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (stuttering)

Difficulty in communication characterized by: Sound or syllable repitition, sound prolongations of consonants as well as vowels, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocations, words pronounced with an excess of physical tensions, monosyllabic whole-word repetitions. Additionally the defecits cause anxiety.

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication characterized by: Failure to use greetings or other social language appropriate to the context, failure to meet social contexts, difficulty following rules of communication, difficulty understanding what is not implicently stated.

Unspecified Communication Disorder

A communication disorder that cause marked impairment but there is not enough information to make a more complete diagnosis.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Persistant defecits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts, deficits in nonverbal communication behaviors used for social interaction. Restrictive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Hyper or hyopreactivity to sensory imput. Present from a young age. (Specifiers range from "requiring support" to "Requiring very substantial support."

Attention Deffecit / Hyperactivity Disorder

A persistant pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Symptoms must have been present prior to the age of 12 though diagnosis can happen at any time. Specefiers for inattentive type, hyperactive type, or combined type.

Other Specified Attention Deffecit / Hyperactivity Disorder

Used for cases where the individual has distress or impairment due to inattention and/or hyperactivity but does not meet the full criteria for ADHD.

Unspecified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Used for cases where the individual has distress or impairment due to inattention and/or hyperactivity but there is not enough information to make a more complete diagnosis

Specific Learning Disorder

A disorder characterized by persistent difficulties implementing academic skills despite interventions. Can be with impairment in reading, impairment in written expression, and/or impairment in mathematics.

Motor Disorders

A group of disorders characterized by motor symptoms such as tics, stereotypic movements, or dyscoordination

Developmental Coordination Disorder

Aquesition and execution of moder skills is substantially lower than typical of the chronological age. These difficulties manifest as clumsiness, slowness, and/or inaccuracy of performance of motor skills.

Steryotypic Movement Disorder

Repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor bhavior (hand waving, body rocking, head banging, self biting, hitting own body, etc) that results in marked impairment or causes self-injury.

Tic Disorders

A group of disorders that involve involuntary physical behaviors that can be motor or vocal.

Tourette's Disorder

Sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movements or

vocalizations that are present before the age of 18 and wax/wane over the course of at least 1 year.

Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present during the illness, but not both motor and vocal.

Provisional Tic Disorder

Single or multiple motor and or vocal tics for less than 1 year.

Unspecified Tic Disorder

A tic disorder that causes distress or impairment but there is not enough information to make a more complete diagnosis

Other Specified Tic Disorder

When the individual experiences distress or impairment due to tics but does not meet the full criteria for any of the tic disorders outlined in the chapter.

Other Specified Neurodevelopmental Disorder

This disorder applies to presentations where tha patient exhibits symptoms of a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes substantial impairment but does not meet the requirements for any one neurodevelopmental disorder. Ex: Neurodevelopmental disorder associated with parental alcohol exposure.

Unspecified Neurodevelopmental Disorder

This disorder applies to presentations where the patient exhibits symptoms of a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes substantial impairment but there is not enough information to make a more complete diagnosis.

Schizophrenia and Related Disorders

A category of disorders that involve a dissconection from reality. Usually chronic but sometimes temporary.

Delusional Disorder

The presence of one or more delusions with no other features of psychosis. If hallucionations are present, they are related to the delusional theme and do not dominate the clinical picture. Present in episodes either one or multiple. Multiple typation.

Delusional Disorder : Grandiose Type

A subtype of delusional disorder where the delusional content has a central theme of inflated slef-esteem/worth, or the individual having some great (but unrecognized) talent or insight, or having made an important discovery.

Delusional Disorder : Jealous Type

A subtype of delusional disorder where the central theme of the delusional content has to do with the individuals partner being unfaithful.

Delusional Disorder : Persecutory Type

A subtype of delusional disorder where the central theme of the delusional content is the individuals belief that they are being conspired against, cheated, spied on, followed, poisioned/drugged, maliciously maligned, harassed, or obstructed in persuit of longterm goals.

Delusional Disorder : Somatic Type

A subtype of delusional disorder where the central theme of the delusional content revolves around the individuals bodily functions or sensations.

Delusional Disorder : Mixed Type

A subtype of delusional disorder where no one theme dominates the delusional content.

Delusional Disorder : Unspecified Type

A subtype of delusional disorder where the central theme of the delusional content does not cleanly fit into any one of the recognized subtypes (ex: A delusion of reference that does not include persucatory or grandiose content).

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A psychotic disturbance that lasts for less than a month and does not occur during an manic or depressive episode, and is not better explained by the effects of medication. Specifiers include if the psychosis is in response to something or not.

Schizophreniform Disorder

Experiences psychotic symptoms that last for at least 1 month but less than 6 months. Does not occur during a manic or depressive episode.

Schizophrenia

Experiences a break from reality that includes hallucionations, delusions, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, and/or negative symptoms. Symptoms cause marked impairment, presist for at least six months, and are in the absence of a schizoaffective, manic, or depressive episode.

Schizoaffective Disorder

The criterion A for schizophrenia is met during a major mood episode. Specifiers include bipolar or depressive type.

Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder

Psychotic symptoms that presist over a period of time that is congruent with the use of a substance that could cause such a disturbance. Could occur during use, intoxication, or withdrawl.

Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

Psychosis caused by another medical condition, usually physical. Specifiers for hallucionations or delusions.

Catatonia (Catatonia Specifier)

Three or more: Stupor (No psychomotor activity), Catalpalsy (Passive induction of psture held against gravity), Waxy Flexability (Slight, even resistance to positioning by examiner), Mutism, Negativism (Little to no response to instructions or other stimuli), Posturing (Spontaneous and active matinence of a posture against gravity), Mannerism (Odd, circumstantial caricature of normal actions), Stereotypy (repetitive, abnormally frequent, non-goal directed movemnt), Agitation, Grimacing, Echolalia, Echopraxia

Other Specified Schizophrenic or Other Psychotic Disorder

When an individual experiences psychotic features but does not meet the criteria of any of the disorders outlined in the chapter. Examples include: Hallucionations in the absence of other symptoms, attenuated psychosis syndrome, shared psychotic disorder, etc.

Uspecified Schzophrenic or Other Psychotic Disorder

Used when someone experiences psychotic features but there is not enough information to make a more complete diagnosis (ex. in emergency settings)

Bipolar and Related Disorders

A group of disorders characterized by shifts between to emotional extremes in episodes. Sometimes they have psychotic features.

Manic Episode

A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least 1 week. In which symptoms are present. (any duration if hospitalization). Symptoms include: Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, Decreased need for sleep, More talkative than usual or preassure to keep talking, Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing, Distractability, Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, Excessive involvment in high risk activeties. The episode causes marked impairment, hospitalization, and/or there are psychotic features.

Hypomanic Episode

A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least 4 consecutive days in which symptoms are present. Symptoms include: Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, Decreased need for sleep, More talkative than usual or preassure to keep talking, Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing, Distractability, Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, Excessive involvment in high risk activeties. The episode is not severe enough to cause marked impairment, hospitalization, and there are no psychotic features.

Major Depressive Episode

A distinct period of abnormally lowered mood that lasts for at least 2 weeks in which symptoms are present. Symptoms include: Depressed mood most of the day; nearly every day, Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all or most activeties, Signifigant weight loss or gain, Insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, Feelings of worthlessness or excessive/inappropriate guilt, Diminished ability to think or concentrate, Reccurent thoughts of death.

Bipolar I Disorder

A disorder characterized by extreme shifts between manic and depressive episodes.

Bipolar II Disorder

A disorder characterized by extreme shifts between hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes.

Cyclothymic Disorder

A disorder characterized by extreme shifts between mood disturbances that exhibit symptoms of hypomanic and depressive episodes that do not meet the full criteria for either episodes.

Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar

Bipolar disorder that is induced by substance abuse.

Bipolar Discorder Related to Another Condition

Hypomanic, or Manic features that are caused by another condition

Other Specified Bipolar or Related Disorder

Used for when someone has marked impairment due to manic or hypomanic features but do not meet the full criteria for a diagnosis outlined in the chapter. Examples include: Short duration / sub-threshold hypomanic episodes with major depressive episodes.

Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorder

Used for when someone has marked impairment due to manic or hypomanic features but there is not enough information to make a more complete diagnosis.

With Anxious Distress

A specefier for mood disorder characterized by two or more of the following symptoms: Feeling keyed up or tense, Feeling unusually restless, Difficulty concentrating because of worry, Fear that something awful may happen, Feeling that the individual might lose control of themselves.

With Mixed Features

A specefier for bipolar disorder characterized by depressive or manic features occuring during a mood episode of the other type.

With Melancholic Features

A specefier for depressive episodes characterized by one of the two following features: Loss of pleasure in all or almost all activities, Lack of ractivity to positive stimuli; and an adittional three or more of these features: Profound despondency/despair/moroseness or by so-called empty mood, Depression that is regularly worse in the mornings, Early-morning awakening, Marked psychomotor agitation or retardation, Significant anorexia or weight loss, Excessive or inappropriate guilt.

With Atypical Features

A specifier for depressive episodes characterized by mood-ractivity and two or more of the following: Weight gain, Hypersomnia, Laden paralysis, A strong-standing pattern of interpersonal rejection sensitivity (not limited to episodes)

With Mood-Congruent Psychotic Features (Mania)

When a manic episode also includes delusions and hallucinations consistent with themes of grandiosity or invulnerability.

With Mood-Congruent Psychotic Features (Depression)

When a depressive episode also includes delusions and hallucinations consistent with themes of personal inadequacy, guilt, desease, nihilism, death, or deserved punishment.

With Mood-Incongruent Psychotic Features

When a mood episode includes psychotic features typical of a mood episode of the oppesite type (ex. Grandiose delusions during depression or nihilistic delusions during mania).

With Peripartum Onset

When the onset of the current or most recent mood episode is during pregnancy or within four weeks of delivery.

With Seasonal Pattern

When there is a regular temporal relationship between the onset of a mood episode and a particular time of the year and full remissions also occur at a characteristic time of the year.

With Rapid Cycling

Presence of at least 4 mood episodes in the previous 12 months that are demarcated by a partial or full remission of at least two months or a switch to an episode of the opposite pole.

Depressive Disorders

A group of disorders characterized by frequent or presistant bouts of lowered mood and reccurent thoughts of death.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Severe reccurent temper outbursts that a grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the insiting stimuli. These outbursts are inconsistent with developmental age and are present for at least 12 months.

Major Depressive Disorder

Five or more of the following syptoms occur and presist throught the same two week period: Depressed mood, Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities, Significant weight gain or loss, Insomnia or hypersomnia, Psychomotor agitation or retardation, Fatigue or loss of energy, Fellings of worthlessness or excessive/inappropriate guilt, Dminished ability to think or concentrate, Reccurent thoughts of death. Can sometimes include psychotic features.

Persistant Depressive Disorder

Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for a period of up to two years. Additionally two of the following: Poor appetite or overeating, Insomnia or hypersomnia, Low energy or Fatigue, Low self-esteem, Poor concentration, Feelings of hoplessnes.

Premenstral Dysphoric Disorder

A mood disorder where symptoms of depression and anxiety leading up to and during menstration and symptoms cease after.

Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder

Substance abuse that induces depression

Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

Depression induced by another medical condition.

Other Specified Depressive Disorder

Used for when someone has marked impairment due to depressive features but do not meet the full criteria for a diagnosis already outlined. Examples include: Short duration / sub-threshold depressive episodes, or depressive episode superimposed on psychotic episode.

Unspecified Depressive Disorder

Used for when someone has marked impairment due to depressive features but there is not enough information to make a more complete diagnosis.

Anxiety Disorders

A category of mental disorders characterized by an exsessive amount of fear in response to real, or precived stuations; or a feeling of discomfort/fear in anticipation to these events.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A developmentally inapropriate fear or anxiety concerning the separation of the indiviudal from important attachment figuers. Often manifesting in fears of disasters befalling attachment figures, fears of getting lost or getting kidnapped, refusal to leave figure, or nightmares of sparation.

Selective Mutism

A persitant failure to speak in situations in which speaking is expected, not due to a lack of kowledge of the language, but primarily out of fear. This failure causes marked inhabition in social, occupational, or professional settings.

Specific Phobia

A disorder that involves an irrational fear of a particular object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual's ability to function. Common themes include, kinds of animals, parts of the environment (stroms, the ocean, etc.), medical proceedures, or situations (airplanes, elevators, etc)

Social Anxiety Disorder

Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. Or a fear that they will show anxiety simptoms and others will make negative judgments accordingly.

Panic Disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Additionally for at least one month after one (or more) of the attacks, there's signifigant dread due to atnicipating an episode, or maladaptive behaviors regarding the episodes.

Panic Attack

Palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, choking, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, unreality, fear of dying, hot or cold flashes, paresthesia (numbness or tingling sensations), derealization or depersonalization, fear of losing control or "going crazy," fear of dying.

Agoraphobia

Marked fear or anxiety about two or more of the following situations that is out of proportion with any actual danger: Use of public transport, being in open spaces (parking lots, market places, or bridges), being in enclosed spaces (shops, theaters, cinemas), standing in line or being in a crowd, being outside of the home alone. These fears are based in the belief that escape may be difficult in the case of panic like symptoms or embarassing symptoms. These situations are activley avoided.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A marked anxiety or worry that causes clinically signifigant distress and/or impairment in any number of situations. This worry is characterized by three or more of the following six symptoms: Restlessness/feeling keyed up or on edge, being easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating or going mind blank, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance.

Substance or Medication Induced Anxiety Disorder

Panic attack or anxiety symptoms present soon after substance intoxication or withdrawl of a substance cappable of producing these symptoms.

Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

Panic attacks or anxiety are predominant in the clinical picture and there is evidence that the symptoms are the direct cause of another preexsisting medical condition.

Other Specified Anxiety Disorder

Applies to presentations in which there is marked distress or impairment due to anxiety features/symptoms but the individual does not meet the full criteria for one of the disorders outlined in the chapter. Examples include; sub-threshold attacks, or anxiety cultural syndromes.

Unspecified Anxiety Disorder

Applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of an anxiety disorder cause marked distress or impairment but there is not enough information to make a more complete diagnosis.

Obsessive-Compulsive or Related Disorders

A category of disorders similar to anxiety disorders but are characterized by the pervasive presence of obssesions.

Obssesions

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted, and that in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress. The individual attempts to ignore or suppress/neutralize such thoughts, urges, or images, with some other thought or action (i.e., by performing a compulsion)

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors (e.g., hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (e.g., praying, counting, repeating words silently) that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent, or are clearly excessive.

obbsessive-compulsive disorder

Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both. These are time consuming, cause cliniclly signifigant, or impairment in social/occupation/professional fields or other important areas of functioning

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

An obsessive-compulsive disorder, characterized by an obsession with perceived flaw(s) in physical appearance that are not observable by others. At some point during the course of the disorder, the individual has performed repetitive behaviors (e.g., mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking, reassurance seeking) or mental acts (e.g., comparing his or her appearance with that of others) in response to the appearance concerns. The individual can have varrying degrees of insight into the distorted nature of their beliefs.

With Muscle Dymorphia

A specifyer for body dysmorphic dysorder in which the individual is obssesed with the size of their muscles/build.

Hoarding Disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. Difficulty is related to the precived need to save items or distress upon parting with the item. Difficulty results in accumilation of possesions that may interfear with social or occupational areas of life. The behavior can be present with a varrying degree of insight into the abnormality.

Trichotillomania

Recurrent and compulsive hair pulling that results in hair loss and causes significant distress even in the presence of repetted attempts to stop the behavior.

With Excessive Acquisition

A specifier for hoarding disorder where difficulty discarding possessions is accompanied by excessive acquisition of items that are not needed or for which there is no available space.

Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder

Distressing and recurrent compulsive picking of the skin resulting in skin lesions

Substance or Medication Induced Obssesive Compulsive Disorder

Soon after substance intoxication or withdrawl, the individual developed obssesions or compulsions. Common with substances like stimulants.

Other Specified Obssesive Compulsive or Realted Disorder

Used when an individual experiences marked impairment or clinically signifigant distress due to the presence of obssesions or compulsions; but does not meat the full criteria for any disorder outlined in the chapter. Examples include: Body-dysmorphic-like disorders with actual "flaws," obsessional jelousy, or obssesive compulsive cultural syndromes.

Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder

Used when an individual experiences marked impairment or clinically signifigant distress due to the presence of obssesions or compulsions; but there is not enough information to make a more complete diagnosis.

Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders

A group of disorders characterized by a period of prolonged distress following a major traumatic or stressful event.