Lesson 1

Native American Land Loss

The relocation and forced resettlement of Native American groups by the U.S. government after the Civil War, resulting in the loss of their lands.

Trade Regulation Power

The power given to the federal government in 1787 to regulate trade, which strained the relationship between Native Americans and the government.

Westward Resettlement

The forced relocation of Native Americans west of the Mississippi River during the 1830s, with the promise of permanent land.

Pressure from White Settlers

The influence and demands of white settlers in the 1840s to 1860s, which weakened the promise of permanent land for Native Americans.

Conflict and Cultural Damage

The ongoing conflicts between settlers and Native Americans during and after the Civil War, resulting in damage to Native American cultures.

The Great American Desert

The region west of the Mississippi River where most Native Americans lived, characterized as a desert by white settlers.

Native American Cultural Diversity

The variations in belief systems, languages, and ways of life among different Native American tribes and groups.

Geography's Influence

The impact of geographical factors on the cultural diversity of Native Americans, shaping their ways of life and resources available.

Pacific Northwest Tribes

Native American tribes in the Pacific Northwest region that thrived due to abundant fish and forest animals.

Hunter-Gatherer Bands

Native American groups in the south who struggled with limited resources and relied on hunting and gathering for survival.

Pueblo Indians

Native American tribes in arid lands who practiced irrigation to grow crops and built adobe homes.

Navajos

Native American tribe characterized by their mobility, living in mud homes or easily movable hogans.

Plains Indians

Nomadic Native American tribes, including Sioux, Blackfeet, and Comanches, who relied on hunting buffalo for survival.

Connection with Nature

The shared belief and connection to nature between Native American

reservations

public lands where Native Americans were required to live by the federal government

Sand Creek Massacre

1864 incident in which Colorado militia attacked a camp of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians, some of who were under U.S. Army protection

Sitting Ball

(1831-1890) was a war chief and important spiritual leader who became the first-ever chief of all the Lakota Sioux bands in the 1860s. After surrendering to the Army in 1881, he lived on a reservation where he was killed by Indian police sent to arrest him.

Battle of the Little Big Horn

1876 battle in which the Sioux defeated U.S.

Army troops

Chief Joseph

(1840-1904) succeeded his father as chief of the Nez Percé in 1871.

Six years later he led his followers on an unsuccessful flight to escape confinement on a reservation. First sent to Oklahoma, they were eventually returned to a new reservation in Washington state. However, Joseph was unable to secure their return to their tribal homeland.

Wounded Knee

1890 confrontation between U.S. cavalry and Sioux that marked the end of Indian resistance

assimilated

absorbed into the main culture of a society

Daves General Allotment Act

1887 law that divided reservation land into private family plots