Unit 6: The Executive Branch - The Philippine President
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Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, presidential roles, legal powers, theories, and constitutional qualifications from Unit 6.1: The Philippine President.
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85 Terms
Executive
An administrator or implementer responsible for executing laws and managing government operations.
Symbolic
Serving as a representative or emblematic figure of a nation or state.
Prerogative
A privilege, right, or special power attached to a specific official position.
Head of State
The presidential role of serving as the ceremonial figurehead and living symbol of the nation, representing the country at official functions and on the world stage.
Head of Government
The presidential role of setting national policy directions, defining priorities, and translating electoral platforms into executive programs.
Chief Executive
The presidential role of leading the executive branch and exercising control and responsibility over all executive departments, bureaus, and offices.
Commander-in-Chief
The role defined in Section 18, Article VII of the 1987 Constitution establishing the elected president as the supreme authority over the Armed Forces of the Philippines to ensure civilian supremacy over the military.
Chief Diplomat
The presidential role of crafting and executing foreign policy, representing the state in international dialogues, and negotiating foreign loans and agreements.
Stewardship Theory
The concept articulated by US President Theodore Roosevelt stating that presidents should be free to maximize executive power unless explicitly prohibited by the constitution.
Whig Theory
The concept articulated by US President William Howard Taft viewing the president strictly as a passive implementer of laws passed by Congress.
Pang-ulo
A Filipino concept analyzed by political scientist Remigio Agpalo denoting the president as the cultural head of the country.
Writ of Habeas Corpus
A legal safeguard against unlawful detention that can be suspended by the president only in cases of invasion or rebellion when public safety requires it.
Ordinance Power
The authority granted under Executive Order 292 enabling the president to issue directives, executive orders, administrative orders, and public proclamations.
Power of Eminent Domain and Escheat
The presidential authority to expropriate private property for public use with just compensation, or claim ownerless private property for the state.
Natural-Born Citizen
A citizen of the Philippines who acquires citizenship without having to perform any act, as required for presidential eligibility under Section 2, Article VII of the 1987 Constitution.
Impeachment
The constitutional mechanism by which Congress deliberates on charges against top executive officials to remove them for offenses such as treason, bribery, or betrayal of public trust.
Populism
A style of political leadership that draws popular support by presenting politics as a struggle between the general public and an established political order.
Commission on Appointments
A legislative body consisting of members from the Senate and House of Representatives responsible for confirming key presidential appointments.
President
serves as the ceremonial and living symbol of the nation. He or she acts as the figurehead of the nation, with his portraits or signature often seen in banknotes, stamps, and public buildings
Philippine Army
Navy
Air Force.
Three branches of the AFP
This is the 1987 Constitution’s way to establish civilian authority over the military, a standard norm among democratic countries which involves putting the military under the control of an elected official
Power of appointment
He or she appoints hundreds of government officials crucial to the executive (e.g., department secretaries, ambassadors, and military officers).
Ordinance power
He or she can issue pieces of legislation directing the executive branch’s operations (e.g., memoranda, executive and administrative orders) or the public in general (e.g., proclamations of public holidays or states of calamity).
Power of general supervision over local governments
He or she supervises local governments and coordinates with their heads.
Power over aliens
He or she can order the deportation of aliens, grant resident status, and override the decisions of the Bureau of Immigration (BI).
Power of eminent domain and escheat
He or she has the power to seize private property for public use given just compensation.
Power over ill-gotten wealth
He or she can order the sequestration and freezing of assets ill-gotten by public officials and leaders during the Marcos dictatorship.
1987 Constitution
This constitution grants the president some powers that allow the executive to influence or check the actions of the other branches, although several of these powers are themselves subject to constitutional checks.
● veto a bill before it becomes law,
● call special sessions of Congress,
● certify certain bills as “urgent,”
● contract or guarantee foreign loans, subject to constitutional requirements, and
● grant amnesty with the concurrence of a majority of all the members of Congress.
In relation to the legislative branch, the president has the powers to
a natural-born citizen of the Philippines
a registered voter
able to read and write
at least 40 years of age on election day
a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding the election
The Qualifications and Term of a Philippine President
Vice President
This person is also elected in the same manner and with the same qualifications and term details as with the president, except that he or she can be reelected for two successive terms.
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN OHCHR)
According to the ______ report, an estimated 8,663 people had been killed in connection with the anti-drug campaign as of 2020, alongside reported human rights violations.
head of state,
head of government,
chief executive,
commander-in-chief, and
chief diplomat.
The Philippine president’s roles are…
Stewardship Theory (Theodore Roosevelt):
Presidents can maximize power as long as it is not explicitly forbidden by the constitution.
Whig Theory (William Howard Taft):
Sees the president as a passive implementer of laws passed by Congress.
Bureaucratic Structure of the Executive Branch:
The Philippine executive branch operates as a bureaucracy ("rule by officials") with a clear hierarchical chain of command and specialization to manage the country's governance efficiently.
Executive Departments:
The largest units, in charge of major sectors (e.g., DepEd, DOH, DILG, DND). Led by Cabinet Secretaries appointed by the President and confirmed by the Commission on Appointments.
Bureaus:
Principal subdivisions under departments handling specific programs or implementation tasks (e.g., Bureau of Curriculum Development under DepEd, Bureau of Quarantine under DOH). Led by Directors.
Attached Agencies:
Agencies/corporations attached to departments or the Office of the President that maintain relative operational independence while coordinating policy (e.g., CHED, DDB).
GOCCs (Government-Owned and Controlled Corporations):
Publicly owned corporate entities (e.g., GSIS, Land Bank).
The Cabinet:
Composed of department secretaries and heads of specific non-departmental agencies. Cabinet members serve as the President's "alter egos"—executing executive authority in their respective sectors.
Ad Interim Appointments:
Temporary appointments made while Congress is not in session, allowing officials to serve until confirmed or rejected when Congress reconvenes.
Task Forces:
Special ad hoc teams created by the President to handle urgent, specific national issues (e.g., Task Force Bangon Marawi, NTF-ELCAC).