Information Processing

Topic 5.2

Basic model of information processing

Input, decision, output

Welford’s Model of information processing

Sensory input→ Decision making→ Memory→ Feedback loops

Explain detection-comparison-recognition process

• Type of signal detection process

• Detect stimuli, compare to memory, recognise patterns

What are the three memory stores?

Short-term, long-term, and short-term sensory

What is selective attention?

Filtering irrelevant information to focus on important stimuli

What are the different types of memory improvement techniques?

Chunking, breveity, organisation, practice, clarity, and association

Explain chunking as a memory improvement technique

Putting bits of information together, instead of whole skills

Explain brevity as a memory improvement technique

Explaining something using only the necessary words

Explain clarity as a memory improvement technique

Clearing your mind to help you remember

Explain organisation as a memory improvement technique

Making sure that everything is in order/ the correct place

Explain association as a memory improvement technique

Visualising something in your mind to help you rememberE

Explain practice as a memory improvement technique

The act of repeatedly doing something in order to learn

Response time=

Reaction time + Movement time

What factors can effect reaction time?

Age, fatigue, arousal levels, and anticipation

Explain the psychological refractory period

A delay caused by processing multiple stimuli at the same time. e.g. dummy pass in rugby

What are the two types of motor programmes?

Open loop and closed loop

Explain the open loop motor programme

No feedback during movement e.g. sprinting E

Explain the closed loop motor programme

Feedback-based adjustments e.g. balance in gymnastics

What is intrinsic feedback?

The kinaesthetic feel of the movement. e.g. a diver can feel if they are over-rotatingW

What is extrinsic feedback?

Feedback from an external source, e.g. a coach yelling from the sidelines

Why do we give feedback?

To adapt, motivate, reinforce, or to punish

What is knowledge of results

Win or loss

What is knowledge of performance

Focuses on the execution of the movement instead of the result.