Laboratory Procedures - Week 1 Review

2 lens systems that a compound microscope consists of

Ocular & Objective

Why is it important to understand laboratory procedures in vet med?

we prep & collect samples, & run diagnostic tests, therefore we must have a thorough knowledge of why & how

What organization oversees safety rules & practices in the lab?

OSHA

One example of how you are at risk of catching a zoonotic dz in the lab

eating, drinking, or touching your face while in the lab (contamination)

What are the parts of a 1:10 dilution of chlorhexidine into distilled water?

1 part chlorhexidine

9 parts distilled water

4 basic pieces of lab equipment that every practice should have

-Microscope

-Refractometer

-Microhematocrit Centrifuge

-Clinical Centrifuge

Supernatant

liquid portion of a centrifuged sample

Sediment

solid portion of a centrifuged sample

What happens if you spin a sample too quickly?

damage or rupture cells you are trying to evaluate

What happens if you spin a sample too slowly?

risk of not separating or concentrating the sediment

40x lens gives what magnification?

400x

Oil objective lens (100x) gives what magnification?

1000x

Microscope Cleaning Procedure:

-turn off microscope

-bring condenser all the way down!

-clean ocular lens' with cleaner

-wipe off stage

-clean objective lens' (10x, 40x, oil)

-unplug & wind cord around

-place dust cover on

Coagulation

clotting

Hemolyze

rupture blood cells

Morphology

study of form (shape & structure)

How fast and how long should you spin a blood sample down in the centrifuge?

2000-3000 RPM for 10 mins

What tube would you put a sample into for running a PCV/TS?

microhematocrit tubes

What tube is an EDTA sample?

purple top (anti-coagulant, plasma)

-preserves cell morphology!!!

What tube is a serum sample?

red/tiger top (no additive or coagulant, serum)

What tube is a coagulation profile?

blue top (anti-coagulant, plasma)

-sodium citrate

What type of instrument measure both urine specific gravity & total protein?

refractometer

What type of liquid cleans a refractometer?

distilled water

What type of analyzer uses either photometry or electromechanical methods to quantify components of the blood including liver & kidney values?

Chemical Analyzers

What type of analyzer will give you a complete blood count & uses photometric capabilities & a laser to analyze cells?

CBC Analyzer

What temperature should an incubator be kept at?

98.6°F

What are pipettes used for?

transfer & dilute fluids

Lipemic serum/plasma

milky white, fat

Hemolyzed serum/plasma

red/pink

Icteric serum/plasma

yellow

What is the preferred collection site for large samples of blood in dogs & cats?

Jugular!

2 other venipuncture sites for dogs & cats

-Cephalic

-Saphenous

Plasma

liquid portion of anticoagulant blood

Serum

liquid portion of coagulant blood

3 cells a CBC evaluates...

-RBC (erythrocyte)

-WBC (leukocyte)

-Platelet (thrombocyte)