A&P 1: Chapter 2 - Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids

what are the mandatory elements of carbohydrates?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

what are the monomers for carbohydrates?

monosaccharides

what are the important monosaccharides for carbohydrates?

glucose, fructose, galactose

what is the purpose for carbohydrates?

converted to ATP for cellular energy

what is dehydration synthesis?

when a water molecule is lost as a bond is made

what is hydrolysis?

decomposition process that adds water

how is a disaccharide formed?

when two monosaccharides are joined by dehydration synthesis

what are 3 important disaccharides in our diet?

sucrose, lactose, maltose

what is an example of sucrose?

table sugar

where is lactose found?

milk

what is an example of maltose?

malt sugar

what monosaccharides form sucrose?

glucose and fructose

what monosaccharides form lactose?

glucose and galactose

what monosaccharides form maltose?

glucose and glucose

what is the mandatory ratio of H:O for carbohydrates?

2:1

what are polysaccharides?

polymers of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration synthesis

what 2 polysaccharides are important to the body?

starch and glycogen

what is starch?

storage form of glucose in plants

what is glycogen?

storage form of glucose in animals

what is cellulose?

fibrous part of plant, helps us poo

what is the monomer of lipids?

fatty acids

for lipids, what is a triglyceride made of?

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

what is a saturated fatty acid?

a fatty acid chain with only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms

what is a unsaturated fatty acid?

a fatty acid that contains one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

what are the different types of lipids?

fatty acids, phospholipids, steroids, eicosanoids

what is the functional group for lipids?

carboxyl

what is an important function of phospholipids?

building cell membranes

what is the most important molecule in our steroid chemistry?

cholesterol