Integration of systems: Anatomy and Physiology

The circulatory system and blood

Draw and label the structures of the heart

Be able to draw and identify veins, arteries and capillaries in a cross section. Describe and compare similarities.

Which blood vessels contain valves and why?

veins to prevent backflow of blood due to lack of pressure that is in arteries.

Describe the tissues in each vessel type.

Artery - Outer layer, smooth muscle, elastic layer, inner layer

Vein - outer layer, smooth muscle, inner layer (valves)

What is a diastole and systole?

Diastole - ventricular filling with blood

Systole - ventricular contraction/ expelling of blood

State the location and function of sinoatrial node and atriventricular node

SA node - creates signals

AV node - conducts signals to heart to cause contractions

both in right atrium walls

How is blood pressure measured?

sphygmomanometer; a device comprised of an inflatable cuff connected to a pressure gauge (generally a column of mercury). inflates to match pressure of arm

What are the 2 types of circuits that blood travels through in the body?

Pulmonary circuit - short, from heart to lung to heart

Systemic circulation - heart to rest of body

What is the cause and consequence of coronary occlusion?

Cause - CHloesteral deposits/plaque

Consequence - blockage leads to chest pain, shortness of breath, even heart attacks

What is the effect of epinephrine on the heart? Where is it produced/secreted? When is it released?

Effect - increased heart rate

Location of production/secretion - Adenal gland

Released when: Stress/ amygdala hyjack

What are some factors that stimulate the heart rate to increase? Decrease? What is the control mechanism of heart rate in the brain?

Increase - Stress, caffeine, meds, lack of sleep

Decrease - Hypothroidsim, meds, heart condtions

Control - SNS and PNS

Read a graph of the cardiac cycle. Identify atrial contraction, opening of AV valves, closing of AV valves, ventricular contraction opening of semi lunar valves, closing of semi-liner valves