Chapter 10 Intro to Psych

University of Pittsburgh Cousins

Germinal Stage

conception to 2 weeks

stages of prenatal development

Germinal Stage, Embryonic Stage, Fetal Stage

Fetal Stage

9 weeks to birth

Mullerian and Wolffian ducts

Mullerian=female, Wolffian=male

Cephalocaudal development

the pattern of growth progressing from head to feet

Proximodistal development

pattern of growth from the center of the body outwards

Assimilation

to translate incoming information into a form they can understand

Accomodation

to adapt current knowledge in response to new experiences

Piaget’s 4 stages of Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational.

Sensorimotor stage (Birth-2 years)

learning through senses and movement, develops object permanence

Preoperational stage (2-6 years)

symbolic thought emerges, egocentric thinking predominates

Concrete Operational stage (6-11 years)

logical thinking about concrete situations, understanding conversation

Formal Operational stage (11 years and up)

abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning

Joint Attention

the ability to focus on what another person is focused on

Social Referencing

the ability to use another person’s reactions as information about the world

What did Harlow’s monkey experiment show?

infant prefers warmth and security, physical contact

Secure Attachment (60%)

strong bond between infant and parent, needs will be met

Avoidant Attachment (15%-20%)

infant shows little to no emotion/care in absence of caregiver, believes needs won’t be met

Ambivalent Attachment (9%-15%)

infant exhibits anxiety and uncertainty; shows distress when caregiver leaves and ambivalence upon return, unsure if needs will be met

Disorganized Attachment (15%)

infant does not show consistent style

Pre-Conventional

Kohlberg; in search of rewards and self-centered; younger children

Conventional

Kohlberg; cares about effect of actions on others; older children and most adults

Post-Conventional

Kohlberg; Universal or ethical principles, abstract thinking; some adults