Population Nursing Notes

What are some risk factors for anxiety?

Stressful life events, family history, childhood issues, substance use, medical/psychiatric issues, and unmet life expectations.

What factors affect the diagnosis and recovery from anxiety?

Degree of distress, symptom impact, and context of symptoms.

What are common interventions for anxiety?

Pharmacological, psychological, and cognitive behavioral therapy.

At what levels is mental health shaped?

Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual.

What are the different perspectives on stress?

Biological (physiological focus), psychological (individual focus), and multi-level.

How is stress described by Pearlin (2003)?

"Any condition having the potential to arouse the adaptive machinery of the individual."

Name some key community mental health services

Emergency services, case management, primary care, early intervention, peer support, and mental health promotion.

What are some criticisms of psychiatry in community mental health?

Pathologizing life challenges, cultural bias in DSM, and failure to address scientific shortcomings.

What are some responsibilities of CHNs?

Case finding, risk assessment, patient navigation, advocacy, education, and program development.

What are the key needs in the mental health system?

Increased access to mental health and addiction services, both in-person and virtual, with better integration of not-for-profit services.

How are self-harm and suicide related?

They are related but serve different purposes; suicide can be seen as a coping behavior like other methods of dealing with life circumstances.

Why is it important to talk about suicide openly?

Talking about suicide combats stigma, and asking someone if they’re suicidal doesn’t increase their risk.

Who has a higher risk of successful suicide?

Men have higher success rates due to more lethal methods, though women attempt more often. 2SLGBTQ youth, trans individuals, older adults, and military personnel also have higher risks.

What considerations are important for effective suicide prevention?

Programs need to be culturally appropriate, particularly for Indigenous populations, to address health inequities and ensure accessibility.

What is a commonly used tool for assessing suicide risk?

Screening tools such as the Beck Depression Inventory can be used to measure depression severity and assess suicide risk.

What does the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) measure?

Severity of depression through items related to hopelessness, irritability, cognitive issues, and physical symptoms.

What hinders the integration of mental health in primary care in Ontario?

A lack of strategic direction and inconsistent resourcing across Family Health Teams.

What is the goal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?

To help individuals identify and modify negative thought patterns, offering an effective approach to managing depression.

Why is CBT combined with medication for treating depression?

CBT can be more effective when combined with medication, as drugs alone help only 22-40% of patients. However, insurance is often needed for full access.

How did COVID-19 affect mental health, especially related to loneliness?

The pandemic increased loneliness, which worsened depression, especially among vulnerable groups already facing disparities.

Which groups were especially vulnerable to isolation and loneliness during COVID-19?

Newcomers, women, youth, divorced individuals, low-income households, those living alone, individuals with small social networks, job-insecure individuals, and those with lower educational attainment.

What is the role of global health diplomacy?

It challenges oppressive power relationships to promote social justice by including health in the foreign policy agenda.

What is a key cause of global health inequalities?

Social determinants of health significantly contribute to the global burden of disease and health inequalities.

How do CHNs approach global citizenship in their practice?

CHNs look beyond individual care, engage with social, historical, and political issues, and understand health experiences as culturally and geographically located.

How does social location impact ecological health?

Social location affects access to a clean environment and control over it, with Indigenous peoples most affected by ecological injustices in Canada.

Who are most vulnerable to ecological health inequities?

The youngest and oldest members of society, due to their anatomy and physiology, are most vulnerable to ecological health risks.

What is "Two-Eyed Seeing" in Indigenous health perspectives?

A holistic approach that integrates Indigenous and Western perspectives, enhancing our relationship with the environment.

What does planetary health focus on?

The impact of human activities on Earth’s ecological systems and the resulting consequences for human health.

What is primordial prevention in environmental health?

Actions to prevent disease risk factors early, like banning hazardous products and promoting healthy habits.

What are examples of primary prevention in environmental health?

Immunization, exposure reduction counseling, and supporting health policies.

What is secondary prevention in environmental health?

Early detection and screening of environmentally related diseases to limit disability.

What does tertiary prevention involve?

Rehabilitation and recovery from environmentally related diseases after they develop.

What is quaternary prevention?

Identifying people at risk of over-medicalization to avoid unnecessary interventions and ensure ethical care.

What concerns arise from improper disposal of pharmaceuticals?

Pharmaceutical compounds contaminating freshwater and marine species, affecting ecosystem and human health.