Rad Tech Test 3 Study Guide

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40 Terms

1

Patients Needs

·      They are in an altered state of awareness

·      Fear or unkown is profound

·      They fear loss of control

·      Emotions may be unnatural

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2

Personal needs as a Tech

·      Helping others

·      Working with people

·      Making a difference

·      Thinking critically

·      Demonstrating creativity

·      Achieving results

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3

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs

·      People strive from a basic level of physiologic needs toward a level of self-actualization

·      Each level of needs must be satisfied before an individual proceeds to the next level

·      Patient’s are often at the lower levels of Maslow’s hierarchy

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4

Patient Dignity

·      Deals with a patient’s self-esteem

·      Patients feel a strong loss of power over their fate

·      Embarrassing situation that they feel isolates them from others

·      Loss of privacy and access to loved ones

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5

Communication Process

Sender->Message->Receiver->feedback->

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6

Communication Essentials

Scope of practice (can’t tell if something is broken or wrong)

Communicate with the Radiologist

Communication needs to be Accurate and timely

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Verbal Communication

·      Spoken words

·      Written words

·      Voice tone

·      Slang and jargon

·      Organization of sentences (sound professional)

·      Humor (read the room)

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8

Nonverbal

·      Body language

·      Touch

·      Professional appearance

·      Physical presence

·      Visual contact

·      Personal hygiene

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3 types of touch:

1.     Touching for emotional support

2.     Touching for emphasis

3.     Touching for palpation

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10

Palpation

·      Application of light pressure with the fingers

·      In x-ray we do this a lot

·      It takes practice to do correctly so the patient experience is a professional one

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11

Points to Consider

·      The average American reads at the eighth to ninth grade level

·      44% of people age 65 and older read at about the fifth grade level or lower

·      48% to 80% of patients age 60 and older have inadequate functional health literacy

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12

Common Patient types

·      Seriously ill and traumatized patients

·      Visually impaired patients

·      Speech- and hearing- impaired patients

·      Non-English-speaking patients

·      Mentally impaired patients

·      Substance abusers

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13

Mobile and Surgical Patient Communication

·      Begin by calling the patient’s name, identifying yourself and your qualifications to the patient, and explaining the procedure.

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14

Communication with patient family and friends

·      Professionally introduce yourself

·      Briefly explain (the procedure) why you are there

·      Explain why they must leave the immediate area during exposure

·      Most of your communication should be with the actual patient.. depends on the circumstances

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15

Pediatric Patients

·      Come down to their eye level and talk

·      Speak softly and less authoritatlively

·      Set up equipment before the child enters the exam room

·      Soften room lighting

·      Avoid loud and dramatic equipment movements

·      Use gentle touch

·      Maintain eye contact

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16

Physical changes of functional Aging

·      Slower psychomotor responses (moving hands)

·      Slowing of info processing

·      Decreased visual acuity (can’t see as well)

·      Decrease in senses

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Respiratory System

·      Decreased cough reflex

·      Shallow breathing

·      Decreased pulmonary capacity

·      Kyphosis (hunched forward)

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Musculoskeletal System

·      Osteoporosis

·      Arthritis

·      Decreased muscle strength

·      Atrophied muscle mass (muscle is dying)

·      Fear of fractures

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19

Cardiovascular System

·      Decreased cardiac effieciency

·      Orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure)

·      Arteriosclerosis (stiff arteries)

·      DVT (blood clot)

·      General feeling of tiredness (malaise)

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20

Integumentary System

·      Loss of skin elasticity

·      Change of skin texture

·      Loss of touch sensation

·      Diminished sensation of heat or cold

·      Loss of subcutaneous fatty layer

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21

Gastrointestinal System

·      Loss of appetite

·      Decreased secretions

·      Decreased GI motility

·      Decreased sphincter muscle control

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22

Terminal Patients (dying)

It is important to understand that death is part of the cycle of life

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23

Advanced directives

·      Legal document prepared by a living competent adult to provide guidance to the health care team if the individual should become unable to make decisions regarding their care

·      Aka: living will, durable power of attorney for health care

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24

Patient autonomy

Ability and right of patients to make independent decisions regarding their medical care

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25

Five Stages of Grieving Process

1.     Denial (grieving)

2.     Anger

3.     Bargaining

4.     Depression

5.     Acceptance (put on hospice or accept death is coming)

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26

Patient History Process

·      Look at taking a patient history as an interview of the patient.

·      In many cases the radiologic sciences professional is the eyes, ears, and mouth, of the radiologist.

·      Possessing good history-taking skills is an essential responsibly of the radiologic sciences professional

·      Info gathered needs to be accurate and specific in detail, if possible

·      Genuine interest in what the patient has to say, attentiveness, and an aura of professional competence can provide patients with a real sense of caring

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27

Qualities of the Interviewer

·      Acknowledge patient’s anger, if present

·      Respect patient

·      Be genuine

·      Empathize (not sympathize) with patients condition (feel for them)

·      Patients need to feel the info they are providing important

·      Don’t intimidate patients

·      Be attentive to detail

·      Demonstrate accurate note-taking skills

·      Multitasking

·      Polite

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Data Collection Process

·      Most patients understand the importance of a history and will provide info as requested

·      Remember, the info needed by the radiologist is specific to the patient’s reason for the examination

·      Never disregard anything the patient says, especially if it does not fit with the opinion you are forming about the patient’s symptoms

·      What do radiologists want to know about the patient history?

·      Why is this examination being done?

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29

Questioning Skills

·      Use open- ended questions

·      Avoid Leading questions

·      Facilitate a response from the patient

·      Remain quiet to get a response

·      Use probing questions to focus in on more detail

·      Repeat patient response to clarify and conform

·      Summarize to verify accuracy

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30

Objective data

·      Perceptible to senses

·      Able to be measured

·      Often physiologic signs that can be seen, heard, felt and so on

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31

Subjective Data

·      Patient feelings

·      Pain level

·      Attitude

·      Opinion of observer

·      Subject to interpretation

·      Symptoms of illness

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32

Chief complaint

·      MDs tend to focus on this

·      Allow the patient to add more than a single complaint wheni t appears multiple complaints are valid

·      Ignoring all symtoms except the most predominant can cause you to miss other important clinical info

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33

Chronology

·      Timing of the history of the onset, duration, frequency, and course

·      “first symptom”

·      “when”

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34

Sacred seven of medical histories

1.     Localization (precise area)

2.     Chronology (time frame)

3.     Quality (Character)

4.     Severity (Intensity/Quantity)

5.     Onset ( when was the first time)

6.     Aggravating or alleviating factors (what makes it worse)

7.     Associated manifestations (other issues accompany the chief complaint)

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35

Patient History Considerations

·      Does patient history data match requisition?

·      Do symptoms support exam?

·      Verify symptoms with exam request

How would you describe the pain?

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