Health-Systems Pharmacy Drug Quiz 1

regular insulin

Humulin R, Novolin R

Antidiabetic Agent; Insulin

Indications: Hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia (administer with dextrose unless blood glucose is elevated)

Warnings: High-alert medication; verify insulin type, concentration, dose, and route.

dextrose injection

D50W, D10W

Carbohydrate; Antihypoglycemic Agent

Indications: Severe hypoglycemia; administered with IV regular insulin for hyperkalemia

calcium gluconate

Electrolyte Replacement

Indications: Stablization of the myocardium in hyperkalemia with ECG changes

Warnings: Not used to lower serum potassium

calcium chloride

Electrolyte Replacement

Warnings: Vesicant; administer via central line whenever possible due to risk of severe tissue necrosis if extravasation occurs.

magnesium sulfate

Electrolyte Replacement; Anticonvulsant

Indications: torsades de pointes; seizure prevention in preeclampsia/eclampsia

sodium bicarbonate

Alkalinizing Agent; Electrolyte Replacement

Indications: Severe metabolic acidosis, sodium channel blocker toxicity (e.g. tricyclic antidepressant overdose)

Warnings: Not recommended for routine use during cardiac arrest

potassium chloride

Electrolyte Replacement

Warnings: High-alert medication; NEVER administer IV push or IV bolus

potassium phosphate

Electrolyte Replacement

Warnings: Contains both phosphorous and potassium

Note: Consider serum potassium when choosing between potassium phosphate and sodium phosphate

sodium phosphate

Electrolyte Replacement

Warnings: Contains both phosphorus and sodium

Notes: May be preferred over potassium phosphate when additional potassium is undesirable.

glucagon

GlucaGen

Antihypoglycemic Agent; Antidote

Indications: Severe hypoglycemia; antidote for beta-blocker toxicity

lipid emulsion 20%

Intralipid

Parenteral Nutrition; Antidote

Indications: antidote for local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)

Side effects: Hypertriglyceridemia