Social 30-1 Philosophers

John Locke (CL)

~Man is born good (blank slate)
~gov't should do what most people need (common good)
~social contract (give up some civil liberties for security)
~famous work: "Two Treatises of Government"

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (CL)

~general will: government should do what most people want (majority)
~man is born good, but is corrupted by society
~social contract (give up some civil liberties for security)

Thomas Hobbes (CL)

~man is self-interested
-human nature is brutish and cruel
~society requires authority to maintain order
~famous work: "Leviathan"

John Stuart Mill (CL)

~utilitarian (greatest good for the greatest number)
~Harm Law: Actions of individuals should only be limited when they put others civil liberties in harm
~raised concerns over tyranny of the majority
~need for dissent (holding opinions that aren't common)

Montesquieu (CL)

~separation of powers
~checks & balances: counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated (ensuring political power is not concentrated)

Edmund Burke (CC)

~pro monarchy
~afraid of the French Revolution

Adam Smith (CL)

~cheap
~Laissez Faire: let things take their own course
~division of labour = more efficiency
~invisible hand: self interests elevate all of society (helps demand & supply reach equilibrium)
~famous work: The Wealth of Nations

Robert Owen

~utopian socialism
~peaceful reordering of society

Karl Marx

~wanted a bloody revolution
~capitalism & specialty jobs made people feel alienated
~Marxist Communism: like regular communism, but ends with "the withering of the state"
~Famous work: Communist Manifesto & Das Kapital

John Maynard Keynes

~ economic theory: lower tax rates & increased government spending to stimulate economy (deficit spending)

Friedrich Hayek (CL)

~market will fix itself (economics)
~free & open society (politics)

Milton Friedman (economist)

~capitalism
~economic freedom
~monetarist (wanted to control the supply of money)