APUSH UNIT 1 TEST

Ferdinand and Isabella 1493

Spanish King and queen.

Bering land Bridge

The discovery, exploration and settlement of North and South America occured 10000 to 40000 years before columbus was born when Asian migrants crossed this.

Maya

Yucatan Peninsula (Surrounded by water)

Aztec

Mexico Tenochtitlan → had a city w 1,000,000 ppl way before Europe

Inca

Peru

All three cultures of central and south america

All three cultivated maize(corn)

Navigational improvements

Caravel, Magnetic compass, sextant

Religious Conflict

Protestant in norhtern Europe. Catholics in southern Europe.

Trade

Economic competition oversea tracking routes for ports in Africa and Asia for spices, cotton, parcelih, silk, tea, slaves, and precious metals

Inquisition

Spanish effort to catholocise spain by forceably converting jews

Reconquista (1492)

Spanish effort to catholocise spain by forcebly removing muslims

Christopher Columbus (1492)

ID - ID Italian navigator whose voyages were funded by F+I of spain in 1492
HS: Columbus’s voyages resulted in he discovery of the Americas

Prince Henry the Navigator(1394 - 1460)

ID: The 3rd or 4th son of the king of portugal who used to his family wealth and passion of navigation to start schools were many navigators have gone.
HS: He is significant bc his schools thought that many navigators that would find the Americas and sail around Africa.

Bartholomew Diaz (1487)

First to sail around the cape of hope

Vasco da Gama (1498)

The first to sail around Africa to Goa(India)

Ferdinand Magellan (1522)

First European to circumnavigate the globe. But he dies in the philipeanes

Itallian cartographer

Amerigo Vespucci makes maps

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

ID: 15th century treaty between spain and portugal negotiated by Pope Alexander the 6th that divided the New world with a line of demarcation granting Spain all lands to the west and portugal all lands to the easts.

Spain: Gets trading rights to Americas/ New world allowed columbus exchange.
Portugal: Portugal gets all of Africa and Asia. Trading routes to Africa and asia

Columbian Exchange

ID: Late 15th century trade route established after columbus’s voyages in which plants, animal, food, and dieseses were exchanges between Afroeurasia and Americas.

Plants

Euro to America - Daisy
America to Euro - Black eyed susan

Food

Eur to Amr : Apples, Banna, Watermelon
Amr to Eur : Pumpkin

Animal

Eur to Amr: Horse
Amr to Eur: Turkey

Disease

Eur to amr - Small pox (Killed most of the natives)
Amr to eur - syphillis

The columbian Exchange increased rivalries between european contries, especially _______ and _______

Spain and Portugal

Conquistador

Spanish word for conqueror

Herman Cortes

Spanish explorer who conquered the aztecs in 1519 (Natives thought he was God with his while w horse)

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish explorer who conquered the inca in 1530s

Ponce de Leon

Spanish explorer who searched for the fountain of youth in florida

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Spanish explorer who discovered Panama + 1st European to see pacific ocean

Francisco Coronado

Spanish Explorer in northern mexico + dessert southwest

Hernando de Soto

Spanish Explorer in gulf of Mexico/ America and Mississippi valley

Henry Vlll (early 16th century)

Wanted a male heir and divorce from Catherine of Aragon . Made church of england (Angelican). Has kids with Anne Boleyn.

Elizabeth 1

Mid 16th to early 17th century english monarch who was the daughter of H8 who ushered in a golden age by defeating the spanish armada and Encouraging English exploration.

Sir Walter Raliegh

English Explorer who founded the Roanoke colony. Disappeared. CROATOAN

Roanoke 1587

Lost Colony

1588

ID: When eng. def. spanish armada after eliz 1st rejected philip (spain)

Eliz 1

Mid 16 to early 17th century english monarch who was the daughter of H8 who ushered in a golden age by defeating the spanish armada and encourages english exploration.

The historical significance of the spanish defeat is that is________

deminished spanish naval strenght which allowed england to become the dominant power in the north atlantic.

Jamestown 1607

First colony named after elizibeths cousin names james in 1607.

Northwest Passage

Passage to asia only navigatable 4 months out of the year.

Giovanni da Verrazano

Italian navigator who sailed for france discovering NW passage

Jacques Cartier

French explorer sails down st.lawrence river, discovered the great lakes

Samuel de Champlain

French explorer sailed in great lakes

Louis Jolliet and Jacues Marquette

French exploders in great lakes in upper Mississippi - Jesuits.

Robert de la salle

French explored sails down the Mississippi river into Louisiana

Dutch want to find

Northwest Passage also

Henry Hudson

English born explorer sailed for the dutch

East india company

Went east of netherlands to asia

West india co.

Went west of netherlands (Africa- Amreicas)

East + West india co

Created early form of capitalism. Allowed the dutch to fund voyages.

Most europeans looked down upon native americans as______ and ________

inferior and to be used for economic gain

Patroonships

land grant to run by dutch nobleman

dominated slave trade in early 17th cent

1619 1st slave was sold buy a dutch ship they sold slaves and did not use them.

Dutch relationship with natives

Trade with natives to not conquer

Dutch colonies

Dutch have one colony they want trading posts to trade.

English intermarriage

less intermarriage

English tobaccos brides

brides you can order

contact with native

less contact with natives they would rather kill them.

english fight over land

fight w NA bc want land for tobaccos farms

Thanksgiving (1621)

First and only thanksgiving next yr NA fight to kick eng off land

English conversion

did not want to convert NA

Eng settlement

did not want trading posts permemenent colonies

French were like

the dutch

Haciendo

Spanish plantation is latin america usually very beautiful.

Asiento system

Permission from spanish gov to use african slaves

encomienda system

ID: 16th century, spanish colonial labor system that granted settlers the right to demand force labor from indegenious groups on exchange the spanish were required to provide intructon to catholic faith.

Repartimiento system

Colonial forces labor system in spanish america. Native supploed a % of there men to work at spanish farms legally free but recieved low wages and abuse.

Bartolome las casas (Vallaolid debate) Juan Gines de Sepulveda.

Slowly encourages the spanish gov to switch from the encomienda system t the repartimiento.

Class System Spanish

Peninsulares - full blood spanish
creoles - 2nd gen spanish
mestizos - mixed spanish
mulattoes - natives/africans

Labor systems HS:

Combined witht he european diseases the extreme workloads caused catastrophic collapses in indiginous populations

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

ID: Late 17 cent. rebellian lef by pueblo chief(pope) against the spanish policy of forced conversuon (encomienda).
HS: though initially successful the spanish sent larger numbers of troops to quell laal resistence which led to even more brutal treatment of natives.

Anglo - Powhatan War

17th cent series of wars as result of british enroachment on native lands for tobacco expansion. les to powhatans eventual removal from eastern virginia.

Pequot war (1636-37)

An armed conflict between the pequot tribe and new england settlers over the influx of puritans in the area during the great migration of the 1630s. The war concluded with the defeat of the pequotes.

Results was the elimination of the pequot tribe in southern new eng. (classified as extinct)

King Phillips War (1675)

Metocom (wampanoag chief) led raid against 52 of 90 puritan towns due to continued expansion of new eng towns. Colonists victorous many NA sold slavery

Impact of the war - Natives effectivly removed from New eng