Cell Functions

Endosymbiont Theory

Mitochondria/chloroplasts were once free-living cells.

Flagellum

Long tail-like structure for movement.

Centrosome

Organizes microtubules, helps in cell division.

Cytoskeleton

Protein network for shape, support, and movement.

Microfilaments

Thin actin fibers for movement and shape.

Water

Main molecule moved by osmosis.

Microtubules

Hollow protein tubes for support and chromosome movement.

Microvilli

Small projections that increase surface area for absorption.

Peroxisome

Breaks down toxins and fatty acids.

Mitochondrion

“Powerhouse”; makes ATP energy.

Lysosome

Digestive sac that breaks down waste.

Phagocytosis

“Cell eating”; engulfs large particles.

Pinocytosis

“Cell drinking”; takes in fluids.

Golgi Apparatus

Packages, sorts, and ships proteins/lipids.

Ribosome

Builds proteins.

Plasma Membrane

Cell’s outer boundary; phospholipid bilayer.

Cell Membrane

Another name for plasma membrane.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Network that makes proteins/lipids.

Rough ER

ER with ribosomes; makes proteins.

Solute

Substance dissolved in a liquid.