Lecture 12: An Overview of digestion of foods

What happens to the foods you eat?

digestion

Digestive system is a series of…

twisting tube from the mouth to the anus

Liver and pancreas…

produce digestive juices that reach the intestine

Peristalsis

movement through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines

chyme

mixture of food, liquid, digestive juice produced by the stomach

Mainly in the first half of the jejunum, the majority (about 90%)…

of nutrient absorption occurs involving proteins, carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals

Ileum

mainly absorbs water, bile salts, and vitamin B12

Live produces…

bile

Absorption and transport of nutrients…

from small intestine

Digestion of the protein is completed in…

the small intestine

Breakdown of huge protein molecules into small molecules called…

amino acids

Bile acids produced by the liver act as natural detergents to dissolve…

fat in water and allow the enzymes to break the large fat molecules into smaller molecules.

Hormones that control the functions of the digestive system are…

produced and released by cells in the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine

In the mitochondria, glucose, fatty acids and amino acids are…

It is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce CO2 and water and release energy. This process is called cellular respiration.

ATP

the cell’s energy currency

Chemical bonds of ATP are very…

high in energy when they break, energy is released and used for all bodily functions

Excess amino acids can also be converted…

into fatty acids and stored as body fat