Joyner History Test 8

Chief overseer of the Manhattan Project

Robert Oppenheimer

Former U.S. diplomatic official who was investigated for alleged communist espionage and subsequently imprisoned for perjury, despite his insistence that he was completely innocent of any wrongdoing

Alger Hiss

U.S. Secretary of Defense who helped to devise Operation Rolling Thunder

Robert McNamara

Former U.S. Senator who spearheaded a Congressional effort to publicly identify and investigate alleged communist supporters within the U.S. government

Joseph McCarthy

Economist who favored proactive government deficit spending in order to avert depressions

John Maynard Keynes

The 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education effectively overturned a previous ruling in the case of __________________________.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The Truman Doctrine did which of the following?

Responses

It issued a nuclear ultimatum to Japan in the event that Emperor Hirohito would not surrender

It articulated a U.S. foreign policy of communist containment

It established free trade relations among the U.S., Canada, and Mexico

It desegregated the U.S. armed forces

It articulated a U.S. foreign policy of communist containment

Sputnik was _________________________.

a Soviet satellite launched into outer space

During the 1980s, the Soviet Union attempted to jumpstart its economy through a moderately capitalist restructuring program known as __________________.

Perestroika

This forged an agreement between the Soviet Union and its satellite nation-states to militarily assist one another if any of them were ever attacked

Warsaw Pact

This officially authorized the United States to declare war on communist Viet Minh and Viet Cong forces in Vietnam

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

This infused billions of dollars worth of financial, rehabilitative aid to western European allies after WWII

Marshall Plan

This specified terms and conditions for the humane treatment of prisoners-of-war

Geneva Accords

This forged an agreement between the U.S. and its western allies to militarily assist one another if any of them were attacked

NATO

Japan launched a surprise attack against U.S. naval forces here in 1941.

Pearl Harbor

England defended this North African location against Axis forces in 1942.

El Alamein

The U.S. overcame long odds to win a pivotal naval battle against the Japanese navy here in 1942.

Midway

Russia finally won a long, drawn-out conflict with German forces here in 1943.

Stalingrad

Allied forces launched a cross-channel invasion of this Nazi-occupied location in 1944.

Normandy

All of the following groups gained distinction in combat during World War II EXCEPT ___________________.

Responses

American women

American-born Nisei men

African-Americans

American Indians

American women

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were tried and convicted in a court of law and summarily executed for which of the following?

Communist espionage against the U.S.

The USA PATRIOT Act was a piece of legislation that marked the United States' official declaration of war against Japan and subsequent entry into World War II. True or False

False

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 officially outlawed literacy tests as a prerequisite for determining voter eligibility. True or False

True

Operation Torch was the codename used to describe the 1944 Allied cross-channel invasion into Nazi-occupied France. True or False

False

U.S. President who asked the Congress for a declaration of war against Japan following the attack on U.S. naval forces at Pearl Harbor.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

U.S. President who signed the Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts into law

Lyndon B. Johnson

U.S. President who successfully helped to resolve the Cuban Missile Crisis

John F. Kennedy

U.S. President responsible for normalizing U.S. relations with Vietnam and South Africa

Bill Clinton

U.S. President responsible for implementing the policy of Vietnamization

Richard Nixon

The Nuremberg Trials were organized at the end of World War II to specifically put Nazi officials on trial for Holocaust-related crimes against humanity. True or False

True

The Lend-Lease Act was devised by which of the following leaders?

Franklin D. Roosevelt

In 1944, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of Fred Korematsu in the case of Korematsu v. U.S. and immediately ordered that all Japanese internment camps be shut down. True or False

False

The Selective Service Act of 1940 authorized a peacetime military draft in the United States, despite the fact that the United States was technically not involved in World War II at the time. True or False

True

The Bay of Pigs invasion was part of an attempt by the United States to overthrow a communist regime in ____________________.

Cuba

Which of the following was a result of the Reagan Revolution?

Responses

The elimination and/or downsizing of federal programs intended to address socioeconomic issues

Tax cuts to American businesses and citizens

High levels of Cold-War defense spending

All of the above

All of the above

Nazi Germany's two main allies in World War II were Italy and Japan. True or False

True

The United States military fought against Al-Qaeda forces in the Persian Gulf War after Osama bin Laden authorized an invasion of Kuwait in 1990. True or False

False

"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence, but to a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow."

Who is the above quote attributed to?

Winston Churchill

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did which of the following?

Responses

It outlawed segregation in public spaces

It prohibited laws or governmental actions that discriminated on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, or sex

It authorized the withholding of federal funds from state governments that did not comply with the legislation

All of the above

All of the above

After annexing Austria and Czechoslovakia, Nazi Germany invaded ___________________ in 1939 and triggered the beginning of World War II in Europe.

Poland