Psych Unit 4

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22 Terms

1

Classical Conditioning

A method of learning in which a stimulus is paired with an automatic response.

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2

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

A stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning.

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3

Unconditioned Response (UR)

A natural, automatically occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus.

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4

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A stimulus that naturally and automatically elicits a response.

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5

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that triggers a learned response.

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6

Conditioned Response (CR)

A learned response now associated with a previously neutral stimulus.

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7

Acquisition

The initial stage of learning when a response is first established.

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8

Extinction

The process through which the conditioned response diminishes or disappears.

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9

Spontaneous Recovery

The re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a rest period.

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10

Generalization

The tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli.

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11

Discrimination

The ability to distinguish between different stimuli and respond appropriately.

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12

Operant Conditioning

A type of associative learning where behavior is modified through rewards and punishments.

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13

Positive Reinforcement

Adding a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior.

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14

Negative Reinforcement

Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior.

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15

Primary Reinforcer

A reinforcer that satisfies a biological need, such as food or water.

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16

Secondary Reinforcer

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer.

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17

Fixed-ratio Schedule

A reinforcement schedule that provides rewards after a specified number of responses.

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18

Variable-ratio Schedule

A reinforcement schedule that provides rewards after an unpredictable number of responses.

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19

Fixed-interval Schedule

A reinforcement schedule that provides rewards after a specific amount of time has passed.

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20

Variable-interval Schedule

A reinforcement schedule that provides rewards at unpredictable time intervals.

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21

Punishment

A consequence used to decrease the likelihood of an undesired behavior.

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22

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

A therapeutic approach that modifies behavior through conditioning techniques.

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