Religion, Health, Politics, Economy, Culture, and Human Evolution

These flashcards cover crucial vocabulary related to religion, health, politics, economy, culture, and human evolution based on the lecture notes.

Religion

Belief and ritual concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces.

Belief System

Ideas on how the social world operates or should operate.

Health

The state of optimum capacity of an individual for the effective performance of roles and tasks, also referring to complete physical, social, and mental well-being.

Sick Role

The societal expectation regarding the attitude and behavior of a person viewed as ill, influenced by factors such as viruses and social constructs.

Traditional Authority

Authority based on customs, traditions, and long-established practices.

Charismatic Authority

Authority arising from an individual's personal qualities and charisma.

Legal-Rational Authority

Authority based on formal rules, laws, and procedures, typical of modern bureaucratic systems.

Egalitarian Societies

Societies emphasizing equality, with minimal hierarchy and equal access to resources and opportunities.

Reform Movement

A social movement that seeks to change specific aspects of society without overthrowing the system.

Capitalism

An economic system characterized by private ownership and control of the means of production for profit.

Communism

An ideology advocating for a classless society with communal ownership of property and resources.

Paleolithic

The Old Stone Age marked by a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle and simple tools usage.

Neolithic Revolution

The transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled farming that marked the end of the Old Stone Age.

Cultural Evolution Model

Proposes that all cultures pass through stages of development.

Cultural Lag

The concept that non-material culture (norms) lags behind material culture (technology).

Cultural Diversity

The presence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

Assimilation

The total adoption of another culture, leading to the abandonment of the original culture.

Acculturation

Partial adoption of another culture while retaining aspects of the original culture.