DRRM ♡

fire hazard

• any threat to fire protection and safety

• can destroy property and lives

fire triangle

• produced from rapid oxidant of any material resulting in burning

• fire needs fuel + heat + oxygen

• combustion: fuel + o₂ → co₂ + h₂o

fuel

• flammable material reacting with oxygen

• produces heat and light (fire)

• forms co₂ and h₂o

• examples: paper, cloth, alcohol

heat

• driving force that starts the combustion process

• when a flammable object touches a source (like a spark or flame), combustion begins immediately

oxygen

• 21% of air, reacts with fuel vapors to release heat

causes of fire (natural)

• lightning

• heat

• volcanic activity

causes of fire (man-made)

• faulty wiring or short circuits

• unattended ignition (candles, stoves, lamps)

• cigarettes not put out properly

• flammable chemicals (gasoline, paint, nail polish)

• gasoline leaks from vehicles

basic response during fire

1. stay calm and avoid smoke-filled areas

2. head quickly to the nearest exit

3. close doors behind you (don’t lock)

4. help people with special needs (don’t carry them)

5. use stairs, not elevators

6. never return for belongings until declared safe

if clothes catch fire

• stay calm

  • oxygen in the atmosphere can sustain or even intensify the fire

• stop, drop, and roll method

assisting burn victims

• don’t remove clothing or apply ice

• don’t treat 3rd-degree burns yourself

• monitor vital signs

fire emergency and evacuation plan

• everyone should know their role and contact numbers

• emergency exits must be visible

• follow shutdown procedures for safety

• update and communicate written fire plans

biological hazards

• a biological substance poses a threat

• to the health of humans or other living organisms

types of pathogens

• viruses

• bacteria

• fungi

• parasite

viruses

• contain dna or rna inside a protein molecule

bacteria

• unicellar microorganisms

• come in different shapes and characteristics

fungi

• diverse organisms

• could be micro - or macroorganisms

precautionary measures

• wash hands properly

• avoid touching face

• avoid sick people

• cover mouth when sneezing or coughing

• keep surroundings clean

• keep immune system strong

• refrigerate perishable food

• get vaccinated

basic response protocols

• boost immune system

• don’t self-medicate

• see a doctor for treatment

• monitor symptoms

hydrometeorological hazards

• natural events that come from atmospheric, water, or ocean processes

• often cause severe weather and environmental damage

tropical cyclones (typhoons/hurricanes)

• strong rotating storms with heavy rain and strong winds

floods

• overflow of water submerging land due to heavy rain or poor drainage

droughts

• long periods with little or no rainfall causing water shortage

heatwaves

• extended periods of extremely high temperatures

storm surges

• abnormal rise of sea water during storms, causing coastal flooding