ap euro- time period 1 test review

erasmus

• we need to fix church 

• writes to 500 scholars, priests, and princes 

• ad fontes- go back to Greek and Hebrew 

• praise of folly

martin luther

• 95 theses

  • rapid spread because of printing press

• translated theses and bible

• anti- semitic

• sola fide- only faith

peace of ausburg

1555- a treaty that ended religious war between Catholics and Lutherans

• gave rulers the power to determine the states official religion

• recognized catholics and Luther's but excluded calvinists and anabaptists

the Roman Christian church

• lead by pope

• bible traditions

• 7 sacraments

• transubstantiation

  • the substance of the bread and wine is miraculously changed into the substance of the body and blood of Christ, while still retaining their physical appearance

lutheran church

• took Roman Catholic teachings and “purified” them

• 2 sacraments

  • baptism and communism

• heaven

• bible is the only source of teachings

henry the eight

• the defender of faith

• forbade English translation of 95 theses and bible

• wants a son so he requests an annulment with Catherine

• 6 wives

• the act of supremacy

henry the eights Anglican church

• pope has no authority, monarch does

• treason act- anyone against Henry =dead

• seized 800+ monasteries

  • sold them to the middle class

calvinist church

• totally different source

• brand new take on Christianity

• elderes selected by community offices

• predestination

• institutes of the Christian religion- by John calvin

• the elect

anabaptists

• now the Amish

• isolated communities

• persecuted by all groups

• rumspringa

  • 17-18 year olds allowed to leave the community and experience the world

catholic counter reformation

• council of trent- response to protestant reformation

• no simony, pluralism, or absenteeism, and no nepotism (celibacy)

• no sale of indulgences

jesuits

• universites

• Ignatius Loyola

• scholars to defend fauth

ursuline sisters

nuns- teachers, schools

the index

list of forbidden books- book burnings 

iconoclasm

the destruction of religious or political icons, images, or monuments

• stopped by the use of baroque art to recruit the faithful

baroque art

• emotion

• movement

• capturing a moment in time

• diagonals

• light/dark

• real but not ideal

henry III

• liked the massacre 

• died 

• catholic 

• mom was Catherine de medici

henry of navarre

• thought the massacre was terrible

• calvinist

• Henry IV- then converted to catholicism

• politique

henry of guise

• thought the massacre was justifiable

• catholic

war of 3 henrys

fight for power and control of the French throne, driven by religious differences and the question of royal succession

st Bartholomew day massacre

targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence directed against the Huguenots during the French Wars of Religion

politique 

a leader who makes decisions for their nations disregarding their own beliefs 

edict of nantes

a law signed by King Henry IV of France in 1598 that granted substantial rights to the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants), ending decades of religious conflict in France

Elizabeth I of England

• created BEIC

• act of settlement

  • england is protestant

• act of conformity

  • church attendance

• book of common prayer

  • attempt at unity

• moderate Anglicanism

• granted land to presbyterians in northern Ireland- Catholics pushed off land

• increase in Shakespeare, plays, theater, prosperity

spanish armada

a large fleet of ships sent by King Philip II of Spain in 1588 to invade England and overthrow Queen Elizabeth I.

the 30 years war

• a devastating conflict fought primarily in the Holy Roman Empire, initially a religious struggle between Catholic and Protestant states that evolved into a broader political conflict over European power

• last religious war

• context- peace of ausburg

phase 1 of 30 year war

• bohemia

• defenestration of prague

  • by the Calvinists

phase 2 of 30 year war

• denmark intervened to support the protestant cause in northern Germany

phase 3 of the 30 year war

• sweden (led by Gustavus Adolphus), intervened to support the protestants

• he dies in battle

phase 4 of the 30 year war

• france enters the war on protestant side

• they wanted to weaken the other side and gain political advantage

• they take over the war

treaty of westphalia

• effect of 30 year war 

• “best”

  • france rises

  • Calvinism is now legit

  • no more religious wars

• “failure”

  • hre declines

  • German states are setback

    • war, famine, death

  • increase of witch hunts in germany