Semester 1 Grammar Concept review

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19 Terms

1
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Imperfect Tense (-AR)

Use -aba endings for repeated or ongoing past actions. Example: hablar → hablaba, hablabas…

2
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Imperfect Tense (-ER/-IR)

Use -ía endings for repeated or ongoing past actions. Example: comer → comía, comías…

3
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Possessive Adjectives

Used before nouns to show ownership: mi, tu, su, nuestro/a, vuestro/a. Example: mi casa.

4
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Possessive Pronouns

Used to replace nouns: mío, tuyo, suyo, nuestro, vuestro. Example: La casa es mía.

5
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Direct Object Pronouns

me, te, lo/la, nos, os, los/las. Receive the action. Example: Lo veo. (I see him.)

6
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Indirect Object Pronouns

me, te, le, nos, os, les. Indicate to/for whom. Example: Le doy el libro.

7
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Pronomial Verbs

Reflexive verbs like comerse, conocerse, ayudarse. Used when the subject and object are the same or reciprocal.

8
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Gustar-type Verbs

gustar, encantar, interesar, apetecer. Used with indirect pronouns. Example: Me gusta el libro.

9
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Expressing Obligation

Use deber, tener que, or hay que + infinitive. Example: Tengo que estudiar.

10
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Future Imperfect (Irregular Stems)

Example: poder → podr- (podré, podrás, podrá…). Use for future actions.

11
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Present Participle

Ongoing action: hablar → hablando, comer → comiendo.

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Past Participle

Used with haber: leer → leído, abrir → abierto.

13
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Present Perfect

he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han + past participle. Example: He comido.

14
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Indefinite Adjectives

algún/a, poco/a, mucho/a — refer to quantity without being exact. Example: mucha agua.

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Indefinite Pronouns

algúnos/as, pocos/as, muchos/as — agree in number and gender. Example: algunos libros.

16
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Pluscuamperfecto (Past Perfect)

había, habías, había, habíamos, habían + past participle. Example: Ella ya había salido.

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Demonstratives (Nearby)

este, esta — used for objects close to the speaker.

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Demonstratives (At a Distance)

ese, esa — used for objects closer to the listener.

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Demonstratives (Far Away)

aquel, aquella — used for objects far from both speaker and listener.