APWH CH 33 - Cold War - Latin America

Party of Institutionalized Revolution (PRI)

inclusive Mexican political party developing from the 1920s; ruled for the rest of the 20th century.

Zapatistas

Mexican guerilla movement; named after revolutionary Emiliano Zapata.

Juan José Arevalo

reformist president of Guatemala elected in 1944; his programs led to conflict with foreign interests.

United Fruit Company

most important foreign company in Guatemala; 1993 nationalization effort of some of its land holdings caused a U.S. reaction.

Fulgencio Batista

authoritarian ruler of Cuba (1934–1944).

Fidel Castro

revolutionary leader who replaced Batista in 1958; reformed Cuban society with socialist measures; supported economically and politically by the Soviet Union until its collapse.

Ernesto “Che” Guevara

Argentinian revolutionary; worked with Fidel Castro in Cuba.

liberation theology

combination of Roman Catholic and socialist principles aiming to improve the lives of the poor.

Salvador Allende

Chilean socialist president; overthrown by a military coup in 1973.

Sandinista party

Nicaraguan party; removed by power in 1990 elections, under U.S. influence. Named for Augusto Sandino.

banana republics

conservative, often dictatorial, Latin American governments friendly to the U.S.;exported tropical products.

Augusto Sandino

led guerilla resistance movement against U.S. occupation forces in Nicaragua; assassinated by Nicaraguan National Guard in 1934; became national hero and symbol of resistance to U.S. influence in Central America.

Good Neighbor Policy

introduced by U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to deal fairly, without intervention, with Latin American states.

Alliance for Progress

1961 U.S. program for economic development of Latin America.