Protective and Risk Factors: Adolescence through Adulthood

Flashcards covering protective and risk factors during late adolescence and early adulthood, Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages, and Donald Super's career development theory.

Protective Factors

Positive conditions or influences that help individuals cope with challenges, enhance resilience, and promote healthy development, acting as buffers against stress and adversity.

Risk Factors

Negative conditions or influences that increase the likelihood of adverse outcomes, such as mental health issues, poor physical health, or difficulties in development.

Proactive action

Taking steps or acts to prevent problems from happening.

Late Adolescence to Early Adulthood

A transition, typically from ages $18-25$, marked by significant changes in education, career, relationships, and personal identity as individuals move toward independence.

Self-Concept

The understanding individuals have about themselves, including self-esteem, personal identity, and their perceived abilities, traits, and worth.

Self-Image

How an individual sees their actual self.

Self-Worth

The intrinsic value an individual believes they have in themselves.

Well-Being

A state of overall happiness, health, and life satisfaction encompassing physical, emotional, and social aspects.

Strengths (SWOT)

Internal protective factors such as self-confidence and family support.

Weaknesses (SWOT)

Internal risk factors or vulnerabilities such as low self-esteem and impulsivity.

Opportunities (SWOT)

External positive influences or protective opportunities such as access to education and mentors.

Threats (SWOT)

External negative influences or risk factors such as peer pressure or environmental issues.

Erik Erikson

An individual ($1902-1994$) who proposed a lifespan model of development consisting of eight stages, each marked by a central psychosocial crisis.

Psychosocial Crisis

A central conflict that must be resolved at each stage of life for healthy personality growth.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The psychosocial conflict of Infancy ($0-1$ year) where the basic virtue is Hope and the important event is feeding.

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

The psychosocial conflict of Early childhood ($1-3$ years) where the basic virtue is Will and tasks include mastering toilet training and choosing outfits.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The psychosocial conflict of Play age ($3-6$ years) where the basic virtue is Purpose and the major question is "Am I good or bad?"

Industry vs. Inferiority

The psychosocial conflict of School-age ($7-11$ years) where the basic virtue is Competence and the important event is school.

Identity vs. Confusion

The psychosocial conflict of Adolescence ($12-18$ years) where the basic virtue is Fidelity and the major question is "Who am I?"

Intimacy vs. Isolation

The psychosocial conflict of Early adulthood ($19-29$ years) where the basic virtue is Love and the important event is romantic relationships.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

The psychosocial conflict of Middle adulthood ($30-64$ years) where the basic virtue is Care and the focus is on contributing to the world through parenthood and work.

Integrity vs. Despair

The psychosocial conflict of Old age ($65$ onward) where the basic virtue is Wisdom and the transition involves reflecting back on life.

Donald Super's Theory

A career development theory suggesting that career choices are a lifelong process influenced by self-concept and changes throughout different life stages.

Growth Stage (Super)

A career stage from birth to age $14$ focused on the development of self-concept, attitudes, and needs concerning the general world of work.

Exploration Stage (Super)

A career stage from ages $15-24$ involving "trying out" through classes, hobbies, and work to make tentative choices and develop skills.

Establishment Stage (Super)

A career stage from ages $25-44$ involving entry-level skill building and stabilization through work experience.

Maintenance Stage (Super)

A career stage from ages $45-64$ characterized by a continual adjustment process to improve one's occupational position.

Decline Stage (Super)

A career stage from age $65+$ consisting of reduced output and preparation for retirement.